Conversation with Dan Smith who is Chicken Little of the UFO Aviary


On Nov 12, 2005, at 1:58 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:

Here is how it all works Dan in a Nutshell:

The world is a sequence of spontaneous broken symmetries.

Each time a symmetry is spontaneously broken in the vacuum a new emergent order of complexity is born.

Gravity is such an emergent order.

The vacuum consists of a local coherent part and a local incoherent (zero point fluctuation) part.

Both parts, however are nonlocally coherent from the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen effect.

The local coherent part gives Einstein's gravity and inertia of matter together. The local incoherent part (ZPF) gives both the repulsive dark energy and the attractive dark matter, which you get depends upon scale and the strength of the local coherent part's intensity.

Einstein's gravity comes from the local coherent part's "Goldstone Phase".

Inertia of leptons & quarks (the building blocks of real matter of atoms ... us) comes from the square root of the intensity of the local coherent part AKA Higgs field.

The Portal is a special structure in the Einstein geometrodynamical field made stable and possible by the manipulation of dark energy. The latter can be done directly by SUPER MIND because MIND is a PHYSICAL FIELD and INNER CONSCIOUSNESS is a PROPERTY of that PHYSICAL MACRO-QUANTUM FIELD with SIGNAL NONLOCALITY.

Parallel universes are also special structures in the geometrodynamical field. There is nothing supernatural here. It is your primitive mind that mistakenly thinks this is supernatural UT beyond physics. Hell Dan I don't need UT to get scared. Just tell me a ghost story. The point is that one's emotional responses to this stuff DON'T MATTER when you want to understand REALITY!


On Nov 12, 2005, at 1:44 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:


On Nov 12, 2005, at 1:34 PM, Dan Smith wrote:



Jack,



OK, then, how about something simple like a portal between a Bohmian and a Copenhagian world?





Dan your question is STUPID. It's WORD SALAD. Perhaps I should say "WORLD SALAD"?

Not all questions deserve an answer. Your question is "not even wrong" (W. Pauli) it is "ill-posed."

"The Question is: What is The Question?"

It's not up for grabs. Copenhagen is simply WRONG! Period. No, ifs ands and buts.

Dan, the point is that the portal STAR GATE is simply an OBJECTIVE LOCAL "MATERIAL", i.e "IT" GEOMETRODYNAMICAL STRUCTURE like the Golden Gate Bridge. The Golden Gate is supported by REAL STEEL on-mass-shell. The Portal is supported by VIRTUAL ZERO POINT DARK ENERGY!

Meantime give final date 5 months from now for your whatever it is.





From: Jack Sarfatti [mailto:sarfatti@pacbell.net]
Sent: Saturday, November 12, 2005 3:04 PM
To: Dan Smith
Subject: Re: How 'bout them Portals....Mind the Gap?





On Nov 12, 2005, at 11:15 AM, Dan Smith wrote:


Jack,



Alright, my little physics genius, here’s a question for you.



You would like to have a purely physical portal; a portal that connects two worlds with different physics.

Define "different physics". First of all that is an IDLE SPECULATION for which we HAVE NO EVIDENCE. All the evidence is that the PHYSICS IS THE SAME. There a JILLIONS of MAINSTREAM PAPERS on this BTW. Furthermore DUMMIE - all LIFE-FORMS will come from UNIVERSES WITH THE SAME PHYSICS. Read Barrow & Tipler & Rees & Davies. Your question is HARE-BRAINED!




It seems to me there is going to be a Physics Gap, a physics interfacing problem. If you have Physics I on one side and Physics II on the other side, what physics are you going to have in the middle? How about just a black box or a black hole?



Silly.




How do you patch the Gap? What will happen to a Physics I object passing through to Physics II? What sort of transition will that be?

Silly.




For the Stargate troopers there will be a continuity of mind/consciousness. That will finally be your only bridge. That is why the Stargaters definitely have to Mind the Gap!



There is an SLS conference on Techno-Poetry with a lot of goofy academics. You should go there. Birds of a feather.




That is your one line proof that Mind can and does transcend mere physics.



Bull-Tweedle MIND i.e. BIT, Information as PHYSICAL BOHM PILOT WAVE IS PHYSICS.


In the trade, we call it freedom of physics. It is our 0th Amendment right.



LOONEY TOONS


Dan



From: Jack Sarfatti [mailto:sarfatti@pacbell.net]
Sent: Saturday, November 12, 2005 1:04 PM
To: Dan Smith
Subject: Re: Peeling the onion....avoiding some of the tears





On Nov 12, 2005, at 9:07 AM, Dan Smith wrote:





Jack, et alia,

Behind every story there is another story. There will always be a pre-quel and a sequel.



Dan, my brother Mike is now able to post videos on WEB easily.



Above you are speaking Qabala & Jorge Luis Borges



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Manuscript_Found_in_Saragossa





Now we have the Anonymous postings, wherein the visitors attempt to prove that we and they cannot go home again. At least we cannot step into the same river twice.



Worthless rumor



About Anon: someone already on Victrolas list. Most likely then a known or possibly a yet unknown member of the Aviary. Not Bruce, not Hal, not Bob, not Kit, not John, not Ron, not Ernie. Lets see, have I missed any BIRDS?



I doubt that. In any case the information is worthless as it is not authenticated.



In the C/I game there is a big deal about containment and control. You want to make sure the loop stays focused and closed. You want instant feedback. Its got to be a very small world after all. Each player will have to take several roles.

If there is a story, it has been around for maybe three generations. To stay covered, it would have grown many layers of moss. If this is not another false start, then we have to start peeling back.

It is about going and coming home. It is a mini-apokatastasis. It always comes back to Gauguin: who are we, from whence do we come, whither do we go? Without that context, every other question is chasing after the wind.



You mean "passing wind."



Carl Sagan: it should be a given that Carl would have been mixed up in this. Wasnt Donald Menzel, of the stick in the water bending illusion notoriety? Almost reminds you of Richard Feynman with has famous water glass trick.

Contact: definitely not about rocket ships. More about portals and interdimensional travel, heavy on the psychological side.



This is your basic confusion Dan. Bad physics. Portals is all geometrodynamics with dark energy. It's not psychological.



Also about the re-discovering of Selfness. Where is the Astronomy and Physics, Carl? Guess thats what happens when a visitor comes marching thought the living room wall of a scientist.

The probability of that is the same as the probability that all the air in your room will spontaneously collapse to a liquid. It doesn't happen Dan. The burden of proof that it does happen is on you.





They get religion, in about a nanosecond. Something for some of you to look forward to, in about, oh, say, five months from now.



Your false prediction noted for the Imperial Record!



Or maybe Carl is just another one of us new-age idiots.



What is your fantasy about Sagan here? You are, as usual too vague.



Bruce is the first one here to pick up on the portal idea.



No he is not. It's already in



http://amazon.com





Physics may be universal but aint cosmic.



Nonsense.





Different strokes for different folks.



Do you take aspirin each day?



All those numbers in the story? Get a grip, you number crunchers. You wont be able to take your TI9200s with you to heaven. At Princeton they taught us to do horseback calculations. Guess they had a good reason. They didnt offer that course at Cornell, but they did have Hotel Management. It would be good for the Vacuum crowd. Try getting your priorities straight. Try getting with the program. There are still several more layers to this onion. Save your tears.



Dan you seem very anxious to die.



And all you Buck Rogers techies. They dont even have air conditioning or television out there,



How do you know?





and yet look who came a knockin on our door?



We have no factual evidence really for the "core story". I do have



http://stardrive.org/cartoon/spectra.html



that's a hard fact for me. Everything from RMC & you so far is simply un-authenticated rumor - probably disinformation.

Wishing won't make it so Dan.



Its not what you know or what toys you have, guys and gals, its all about Who you know and how you know.



Yes, on how you know.



Some genius around here wondered if they had freedom of religion. If they could just hear that question, Im sure they would be rolling in the isles. What they do have, my little friends, is freedom of physics.



You are babbling incoherently Dan.



Carl has been there and done that, Jack. He doesnt need your formulas, nor all the abuse that you dish out with them. His cow is long dead. Yours will be in about five more months. Thats not a threat, its just another promise.



Your promise is noted and we will be LOL and rolling in the aisles when you cannot deliver the goods. If I am wrong fine. For me it's WIN-WIN. For you it's WIN-LOSE. Can you give a precise date for that "five months"?



RiverWorld, anyone?

Dan

World Hologram and Conformal Group
On Nov 11, 2005, at 7:49 AM, art wagner wrote:
This paper has intuitive elegance & elucidates an important part of the teleparallel picture:

(http://xxx.lanl.gov/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/0505/0505025.pdf)

Note my Heuristic Mathematically Non-Rigorous Metric Engineer's Rule of Thumb #1

Locally gauge every continuous symmetry group both internal and space-time.
Spontaneously break the internal symmetry groups required by standard particle theory that end up with U(1)em UNBROKEN. This guarantees S2 vacuum manifold with point defect for the geometrodynamical monopole with quantized Hawking-Bekenstein BITs ~ Area/Lp^2 from single-valuedness of the abstract 2-vector order parameter in S2 G/H space. Gauss's theorem implies the basic world hologram picture that all the dynamical degrees of freedom for quantum gravity are on the surrounding closed surfaces of a volume that maybe multiply-connected with wormholes. The geometrodynamic monopoles responsible for quantized area bits and world holography are not to be confused with the U(1)em magnetic monopoles at the end of the Dirac string that give quantized electric charge.


The above paper looks good from my POV of local gauge theory & spontaneous vacuum internal symmetry breakdown G ---> H = U(1)em implying from general theorems in topological quantum mechanics that the

Degenerate vacuum manifold coset space G/U(1)em ~ S2

using the adjoint 3x3 irrep of SU(2) weak for the local order parameter with second homotopy group = Z implying only POINT DEFECTS where the coherent vacuum Higgs field vanishes and its conjugat Goldstone phase is undetermined.

It looks like the non-metricity connection corresponds to locally gauging the dilaton and the special conformal boosts to uniform hyperbolic notion, i.e. Tony Smith conformal gravity?

That is, locally gauge entire 15-parameter conformal group of Penrose's twistors to get the exterior covariant derivative

D" = d + W(Spin Connection from T4)/\ + S(Torsion Connection from O(1,3)) + Q(non-metricity connection from remaining 5 generators of conformal group). These are all Cartan 1-forms where W, S, Q all have 2 indices in the tangent fiber space that are raised and lowered with the constant flat Minkowski metric nab.

Acknowledging Waldyr Rodrigues's true remark that this is not mathematically rigorous at present stage, using a quick and dirty short-hand AS IF notation,

Tetrad local frame-invariant e = 1 + B

B = 0 means globally flat Minkowski space-time with

W = S = Q = 0 identically globally

i.e. B = 0 means GLOBAL 1905 Special Relativity without gravity and without inertia. Plugging in rest masses m is strictly speaking inconsistent and incomplete in violation of the equivalence principle. The only consistent flat quantum field theory must have all rest masses strictly equal to zero.

The equivalence principle that all forms of {Pa} = Lie algebra of T4 are sources of curvature including virtual zero point stress-energy density (String Tension)/\zpfguv enforces the indirect relationship

W^a^b = -*[dB^a/\(1-B)^b] = 1-form

where * is Hodge dual

from

(d + W/\)(1 + B) = 0

i.e.

dB^a + W^a^b/\(1 + B)^b = 0

Note that

W ~ {Pa} Lie algebra of T4 operating on coherent vacuum Goldstone phase of the World Hologram

S ~ {Sab} Lie algebra of O(1,3) operating on Goldstone phase ...

Q ~ {dilaton, special conformal boosts} operating on Goldstone phase ...



On Nov 12, 2005, at 10:30 AM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:

There is obviously total disagreement among all the pundits on how to use the basic terms to begin with and then what starting premises to make.

Rovelli

Shipov

Kiehn

Poltorek

myself (local gauge invariance & spontaneous broken symmetry of vacuum POV with gravity as an emergent phenomenon not given apriori.

All have somewhat different POVs and physical motivations. I am closest to Rovelli on the basic standard definitions. I have basically been using Rovelli's Ch. 2 to connect my quantum substratum standard model of leptons & quarks to the classical geometrodynamics using Cartan's forms notation in at least a heuristic way in the spirit of the Feynman diagrams. I am also trying to see if the 't Hooft-Susskind hologram idea is really needed i.e. 2 + 1 boundary gauge theory --> 3 + 1 gravity on the interior. I seem to get Hawking-Bekenstein quantization of area A/Lp^2 quite trivially from single-valuedness of the adjoint 3-irrep of SU(2)weak vacuum coherent order parameter POINT DEFECT for T4 -> Diff(4) gravity compared to Dirac string LINE DEFECT for quantized U(1)em charge.

So, the final test is comparison to observations.

On Nov 12, 2005, at 8:09 AM, Bill Page wrote:

Gennady,

Maybe the better question is what connection is Alex talking
about? In the papers he cites;

http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0407060
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0403107
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0403050

there is only a "arbitrary affine connection". In the first paper
he writes:

"In part I we show that in the presence of an arbitrary affine
connection, the Einstein field equations lend themselves
to a novel geometrical interpretation wherein the affine
deformation tensor of the Levi-Civita connection plays the
role of a gravitational field. Furthermore, in the case of an
affine connection with vanishing torsion, the gravitational
field becomes the nonmetricity of spacetime."

The idea to refer to the symmetric part of the Ricci 2-form
as "non-metricity" I think is based on eq. (1) of this paper:

(1) GammaBar = Gamma + S + Q

where GammaBar is the arbitrary affine connection, Gamma
is Levi-Civita connection, S is non-metricity, and Q is
torsion. But probably this is not complete. More generally

(1') GammaBar = Gamma + S + K

where K is contorsion which includes both a torsion Q and
a symetric part different from S.

Under some conditions (perhaps?) the symmetric part of K
can be absorbed into S. But as you say, this is not the
same geometry as in your theory.

Regards,
Bill Page.

On November 12, 2005 7:16 AM Gennady Shipov wrote:

Nonmetricity means, that covariant derivative with respect
to the metric tensor is not equal to zero. In a case of
Teleparallelism it is equal to zero, therefore Teleparallelism
is a metric geometry.
What nonmetricity you are talking about?

On Nov 10, 2005, at 12:33 PM, Alex Poltorak wrote:

For the most part I agree with Gennady. However, my analysis
(published in GR9 and, more recently, GR17) suggests that gravity
is not a metric curvature 2-form but rather, it is a tensor of
nonmetricity or, in Cartan terminology, the symmetric part of
the Ricci 2-form; while the inertia is described as affine
connection plus Ricci torsion. the Equivalence Principle,
gravity = inertia, is therefore expressed as

[Gravity=nonmetricity] = [Inertia=affine connection+Ricci torsion]

Curvature, Torsion, Nonmetricity

bcc
On Nov 11, 2005, at 7:49 AM, art wagner wrote:

This paper has intuitive elegance & elucidates an important part of the teleparallel picture:

(http://xxx.lanl.gov/PS_cache/gr-qc/pdf/0505/0505025.pdf)


OK

T4 locally gauged gives tidal curvature spin connection with compensating 1-form potential B

B = Bu^adx^u(Pa/ih)(Goldstone Phase of Higgs Field)

{Pa} = Lie algebra of T4

Note the electro-weak breaking to give the inertia of leptons and quarks happens relatively late as the universe forms, yet there is gravity before that. This is an issue for my model to clarify. I will need a larger group G valid at the inflation on scale of 10^19Gev that breaks in a cascade ending with H = U(1)em. There is a theorem that the vacuum manifold is still G/U(1)em ~ S2 with a point defect for a 3-component "vector" vacuum order parameter that we can point along "z" in abstract 3D parameter space (not physical space).

O(1,3) locally gauged gives the torsion 1-form

S = Su^a^bdx^uSab(Goldstone Phase)

{Sab} = Lie algebra of O(1,3)

What group do we need to locally gauge to get nonmetricity Qu^a^b?

We need to do some work to get the 1-form spin connection W from B.

W = -*[dB/\(1 - B)]

W = (1/ih)^2Wu^a^bdx^uPaPb(Goldstone Phase) ?

Assuming also the non-metricity connection 1-form Q, using the symbolic short-hand notation. I will call it the "AS IF" notation - not to be taken literally, but in the spirit of the rules for Feynman diagrams that can be made rigorous later i.e. I give here a "Windows" high-level language that mathematicians can later translate into more rigorous "machine code" as it were.

s is a 0-form. It is essentially the Goldstone phase conjugate to the important component of the vacuum order parameter that gives emergent c-number gravity. d is the Cartan exterior derivative.

I define the 1-form ds = 1 + B = differential invariant line element

Remember Newton's infinitesimals were not made rigorous until non-standard analysis. They were "Ghosts of departed quantities" and I am trying to avoid premature rigor mortis in order to get the physical idea set forth throwing caution to the winds.

The spin-connection 1-form is then

W = *[-dB/\(1 - B)]

from De = 0

e = 1 + B

D = d + W/
Therefore using the connection W + S + Q

D" = d + W/\ + S/\ + Q/
The coupled field equations with curvature, torsion & non-metricity are

R" = D"W curvature 2-form

D"R" = 0 3-form Bianchi identity

D"*W = *J(T4 source) 4-form from equivalence principle

D"*J(T4 source) = 0 5-form in 4-space current conservation

Similarly

T" = D"S torsion 2-form

D"T" = 0 3-form

D"*S = *J(O(1,3) source) 4-form

D"*J(O(1,3) = 0

And

N" = D"Q = non-metricity 2-form

D"N" = 0

D"*Q = *J(non-metricity sources)

D"*J(non-metricity) = 0

Maxwell's EM field equations are where A is from locally gauging U(1)em

F(em) = D"A(em)

D"F(em) = 0

D"*F(em) = *j(em) 3-form for internal symmetries compared to 4-form for space-time symmetries. Difference is from the equivalence principle.

D"*j(em) = 0

Similarly for Yang-Mills SU(2) & SU(3) with 1-forms Y

and for the Dirac spinor lepto-quark equations use for connection

D"" = D" + A + Y

i.e. Homework problem for the Yang-Mills & Spinor source fields.

More on World Hologram

On Nov 10, 2005, at 7:03 PM, ROBERT BECKER wrote:
Jack,

To address some of your points:

Vargas and colleagues are not interested in nor use string theory (or flying saucers). So, the calculation is probably inapplicable to the EIG. How the EIG works in principle in an engineering application is explained in some detail in the patent.


No engineering model of the EIG has been developed yet as far as I know. Before one does that, one first tries to detect the underlying effect - the EIG. Vargas is not motivated engineering applications unlike you (and PST). There are limited (due to funding) experimental searches underway to detect the EIG. One earlier, what I might call, more casual, one, by Datta et al., purportedly sees indications of the effect, but that is hardly the final word.

Is there a clear discussion of the EIG apart from patents, which are hard to read?

Vargas does not obtain a coupled Torsion-Curvature interaction term as you do. You both start from very different premises. Rather, the curvature ends up becoming a function of the torsion.

Well, if

R' = D'W = (d + W/\ + S/\)W = R + S/\W

and if TP means

R' = 0

Then the GR curvature 2-form R = - S/\W = - exterior product of the torsion 1-form S with the spin-connection 1-form W.
Is that what Vargas and Shipov mean by "TP". Unless I see the exact algebra I do not understand the words.

As I've been trying to tell you now for multiple letters, Vargas uses Cartan notation!! In fact, he might be considered a master of it since he has generalized it and developed new mathematics (not just new physics) with it. To get the EIG you only need TP and Finsler Geometry. But to go further into an actual geometrical unification theory that also embraces quantum mechanics (without assuming it), he uses more math, such as Clifford Algebras and especially, the Kaehler Calculus. When you put all that math into the mix (without making the kinds of assumptions you make in your theory) you get complicated math even though the notation is relatively streamlined because he uses the Cartan (and generalizations thereof) for his notation.

Why do all that? Math for math's sake? My "Cornell" approach is to use the simplest math possible to get the most contact with observation. Also I don't much care about formal math rigor. Others can do that later. Most of theoretical physics today would not be acceptable to pure mathematicians.

You passed along another e-mail from someone else urging you to do a "drive the stake in the heart" on that patent.

I am glad you forbeared. This certainly is not mainstream, string theory physics. However, there are some two dozen or more Papers spanning 20 years published in peer reviewed journals such as J. Math. Phys., GRG, FoP, etc. on this Vargas Theory. This is not some nutcase, though like any other theoretical proposal it needs to be borne out.

I know Vargas is not a nut. I met him. However, like 90% of theoretical physicists today I think he may have fallen for the Siren of Mathematical Beauty and gone off on paths far from experiment - math for math's sake. This probably includes most of string and loop theory. The more I read Witten for example, the less impressed I am with the contact with observation. Most of the papers on the archive are unreadable to my mind. After one reads them one wonders - what was the point?

On the other e-mail pointing out another "anti-gravity" type patent, I can shed some light on that as well. I do not know of the author of that patent or his work at all. However, he does reference the work of Ning Li and others (such as Podkletnov). The theory he describes in his patent is in part, based on Li-Torr Theory. Ning Li was another colleague who worked with Doug Torr on theory in the late 80s and early 90s (along with Vargas and myself)

Li-Torr theory posited greatly enhanced gravitomagnetic effects emanating from what she proposed as quantized coherent orbital motion (rotation) of superconductor lattice ions (not the Cooper Pairs). That was quite contr0versial and has never received broad acceptance, though she still holds to variations of that original concept. She worked closely with NASA to investigate the Podkletnov effect. To the best of my knowledge, however, the Li-Torr Effect has never had a confirmed detection, even in the Podkletnov context.

What do you mean "posited"? How exactly? Why would the gravimagnetism be "enhanced"? What was her physical motivation?

For my thesis, I wanted to see if I could find an analogous mechanism in HeII superfluids, where there are no background lattice ions as there are in a SC. I could not find an obvious analog in HeII and later concluded that the idea even in SC was probably not well founded. But along the way, that search led me to dream up the possibility that perhaps HeII ZPM might be coherent and provide such a background analog to SC Li-Torr Theory. That in turn led to Biswas-Shenoy and the rest of the story I mentioned in prior letters.

Oh so the coherent ZPM was your idea. OK I will cite you on that. It's really a good idea I can completely understand intuitively. Often it is said that in both the superfluid and the superconductor that the actual condensate density at T = 0K is only a few percent of the total density, yet the phenomenological superfluid density is 100% the total density. This always puzzled me and I never saw a good explanation. Your idea explains it nicely. The condensate is both locally non-random and nonlocally non-random. The coherent ZPM is locally random but nonlocally non-random, i.e. EPR phase locked i.e. long range coherent. In the gravity context, the coherent ZPM is dark energy if the pressure is negative and is dark matter if the pressure is positive. The Goldstone phase of the ODLRO vacuum condensate is the 0-form s(P) where P is a "local coincidence" in Einstein's sense as defined by Rovelli in his book in connection with the "Einstein hole problem" of 1917.

ds(P) is the local invariant space-time interval. I know Waldyr does not like this, but I will do it anyway with the caveat that it is not "mathematically rigorous" but it is a fruitful heuristic. "d" is the Cartan exterior derivative.

ds(P) = 1 + B(P)

B(P) is the 1-form potential from locally gauging T4

The Hodge dual *ds(P) would like to be an exact 3-form, but can't because of point defects in the coherent vacuum manifold G/H ~ S2 required by the Higgs mechanism of the standard model.

That is, *ds(P) = 'd'F where F is a new 2-form that when integrated around an S2 in 3D space that surrounds the point defect where the Higgs amplitude vanishes and the Goldstone phase s(P) is SINGULAR (undefined) is quantized!

It's quantized because the second homotopy group is Z the integer set of "wrapping numbers" around the S2 degenerate vacuum manifold.

I have just essentially DERIVED the Bekenstein quantization of areas. Also from Gauss's theorem we have the hologram principle that the information content of a volume is located entirely on its boundary! Only surface degrees of freedom are fundamental.

That is, the space integral of the 3-form *ds(P) = quantized integral of the GEOMETRODYNAMIC FLUX 2-FORM F over the surrounding surface. Note that the surrounding surface 2-cycle is not a boundary if it surrounds the point singularity.

Indeed ds = LINE OPERATOR 1-form ~ tetrad

*ds = VOLUME OPERATOR 3-form

*ds = 'd'F

F = Area Operator 2-form

in sense of LOOP GRAVITY.

The non-trivial second homotopy group of G/H = S2 is what enforces area quantization

S/k = A/Lp^2

I don't know how to derive the "4".

kT = hc/rc = hc/GM/c^2= hc^3/GM = (h/Lp)^2(1/M)

I get G/H ~ S2 from standard model i.e. origin of inertia of leptons and quarks is also the origin of gravity!

One point defect in universe is enough to make the world hologram when we take the area at infinity surrounding the whole universe - more precisely one must use the Penrose diagram method like in the discussions of ADS.

World Hologram

From: Jack Sarfatti
Date: November 10, 2005 3:47:02 PM PST
To: ROBERT BECKER

Subject: A curious observation about ds^2

In ordinary tensor notation

ds^2 = guvdx^udx^v

But in Cartan tetrad notation we can write

ds^2 = eae^a

Therefore, heuristically

ds = e = 1 + B 1-form = 'd' (Goldstone Phase of Higgs Vacuum Field)

B is the local compensating gauge potential from global T4 ---> Diff(4).

Therefore, the Hodge dual *ds is a 3-form

From Stoke's theorem - ignoring topological defects for the moment

Loop integral of e = surface integral of dB

But *ds is a 3-form, whose volume integral is equal to the surface integral of a 2-form F where

*ds = dF

Heuristically "s" is the 0-form Goldstone phase in the standard model's internal symmetry breaking for origin of inertia of leptons & quarks (here W-1,W0,W+1, massless photon, & 1 Higgs boson in n = 3 order parameter.

G = U(1)hyperchargeSU(2)weak --3 adjoint irrep--> H = U(1)em

with degenerate vacuum manifold G/H = U(1)hyperchargeSU(2)weak / U(1)em ~ S2

The second homotopy group PI2(S2) = Z

Z is the set of wrapping numbers (i.e. 2D version of 1-D winding numbers) such that when one covers the S2 sphere in 3D space that surrounds the point defect, there is a wrapping N times around the vacuum manifold G/H (+ or -).
This comes about because of the single-valuedness of the order parameters in G/H ~ S2.

Therefore, the Hawking-Bekenstein quantization of area + World Holography seems to pop out trivially, i.e. from Gauss's theorem for quantized surface integral about the point defect where Higgs amplitude vanishes and Goldstone phase is undefined. Take for space the WHOLE UNIVERSE at some cosmic epoch with the "surface" as the "screen" and we need only assume ONE geometrodynamic point defect somewhere, same idea as Dirac's string to get quantized electric charge if there is only ONE magnetic monopole per universe.

To review, consider ds as a 1-form with s the 0-form as the Goldstone vacuum coherent world hologram phase.

Because of U(1)SU(2) Higgs mass generation in standard model + equivalence principle, jump from 1-form ds to 3-form *ds and apply the singular "flux-without-flux" version of Gauss's theorem for a surface in physical space that surrounds the point defect demanded by the standard model.

Anti-Gravity Patent - does it work?
On Nov 10, 2005, at 11:05 AM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:

He has something like my idea in my 3 books, but I doubt that what he has will actually work. But he is seeing part of what I am seeing.

On Nov 10, 2005, at 7:59 AM, art wagner wrote:

Just passing it on......


----- Original Message ----- From: "Eric Taber"
To: "William Hamilton"
Sent: Wednesday, November 09, 2005 2:32 PM
Subject: Patent issued for anti gravity device!



Apparently the USPTO has violated its rules and
guidelines, patenting a device that defies the known
laws of physics.

Patent Number 6,960,975 was issued to Boris Volfson of
Huntington, IN, wherein the device is described:
quote: A cooled hollow superconductive shield is
energized by an electromagnetic field resulting in the
quantized vortices of lattice ions projecting a
gravitomagnetic field that forms a spacetime curvature
anomaly outside the space vehicle.

That has to be shown in detail with the equations of GR. Is there such an effect? And how strong is it?

The spacetime curvature imbalance, the spacetime curvature being the
same as gravity, provides for the space vehicle's
propulsion.

Badly said. They are groping for the idea of geodesic warp drive. That is, changing local curvature field at the ship in such a way as to shape the timelike geodesic, with small tidal geodesic deviation over the scale of the ship, as desired.

The space vehicle, surrounded by the
spacetime anomaly, may move at a speed approaching the
light-speed characteristic for the modified locale.

Meaningless sentence.

http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=/netahtml/srchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6,960,975.WKU.&OS=PN/6,960,975&RS=PN/6,960,975


Wow! What do you think? /Eric

Glimmer of correct idea, but wrong implementation. I am pretty sure it won't fly.



( 1 of 1 )


United States Patent
6,960,975
Volfson
November 1, 2005


Space vehicle propelled by the pressure of inflationary vacuum state

(This part is right out of my books in a general way)

Abstract
A space vehicle propelled by the pressure of inflationary vacuum state is provided comprising a hollow superconductive shield, an inner shield, a power source, a support structure, upper and lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, and a flux modulation controller. A cooled hollow superconductive shield is energized by an electromagnetic field resulting in the quantized vortices of lattice ions projecting a gravitomagnetic field that forms a spacetime curvature anomaly outside the space vehicle. The spacetime curvature imbalance, the spacetime curvature being the same as gravity, provides for the space vehicle's propulsion. The space vehicle, surrounded by the spacetime anomaly, may move at a speed approaching the light-speed characteristic for the modified locale.

(He does not seem to know about Alcubierre's metric. He needs to show how the quantized circulating currents couple to the metric field. He does not cite Ray Chiao for example. )

Inventors:
Volfson; Boris (5707 W. Maple Grove Rd., Apt. 3046, Huntington, IN 46750)
Appl. No.:
079670
Filed:
March 14, 2005
Current U.S. Class:
335/216; 60/200.1
Intern'l Class:
H01F 006/00; F03H 005/00
Field of Search:
335/216 60/200.1


References Cited [Referenced By]


U.S. Patent Documents
3626605
Dec., 1971
Wallace.

3626606
Dec., 1971
Wallace.

3823570
Jul., 1974
Wallace.

5197279
Mar., 1993
Taylor.

6353311
Mar., 2002
Brainard et al.

Other References

M.T. French, "To the Stars by Electromagnetic Propulsion", http://www.mtjf.demon.co.uk/antigravp2.htm#cforce.
Evgeny Podkletnov, "Weak Gravitational Shielding Properties of Composite Bulk YBa2Cu33O(7-x) Superconductor Below 70K Under E.M. Field", LANL database number cond-mat/9701074, v. 3, 10 pages, Sep. 16, 1997.
N. LI & D.G. Torr, "Effects of a Gravitomagnetic Field on Pure Superconductors", Physical Review, vol. 43, p. 457, 3 pages, Jan. 15, 1991.
Evgeny Podkletnov, Giovanni Modanese "Impulse Gravity Generator Based on Charged YBa2Cu33O7-y Superconductor with Composite Crystal Structure", arXiv.org/physics database, #0108005 vol. 2, 32 pages, 8 figures, Aug. 30, 2001.
S. Kopeikin & E. Fomalont, "General Relativistic Model for Experimental Measurement of the Speed of Propagation of Gravity by VLBI", Proceedings of the 6th European VLBI Network Symposium Jun. 25-28, 2002, Bonn, Germany, 4 pages.
Sean M. Carroll, "The Cosmological Constant", http://pancake.uchicago.edu/˜carroll/encyc/, 6 pages.
Chris Y. Taylor and Giovanni Modanese, "Evaluation of an Impulse Gravity Generator Based Beamed Propulsion Concept", American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2002.
Peter L. Skeggs, "Engineering Analysis of the Podkletnov Gravity Shielding Experiment", Quantum Forum, Nov. 7, 1997, http://www.inetarena'.com/˜noetic/pls/podlev.html).

(OK - not a bad list of references.)

Primary Examiner: Barrera; Ramon M.

Parent Case Text

CROSS REFERENSE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 10/633,778 filed on Aug. 4, 2003, now abandoned.

Claims

1. A space vehicle propelled by the pressure of inflationary vacuum state is claimed comprising:

a hollow superconductive shield,

an inner shield, the inner shield disposed inside said hollow superconductive shield, said inner shield comprising an upper shell and a lower shell,

a support structure, the support structure disposed between said hollow superconductive shield and said inner shield concentrically to said hollow superconductive shield, said support structure comprised of an upper rotating element and a lower rotating element,

upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field disposed between said hollow superconductive shield and said upper shell, affixed to said upper rotating element at an electromagnetic field-penetrable distance to said hollow superconductive shield,

lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field disposed between said hollow superconductive shield and said lower shell, affixed to said lower rotating element at an electromagnetic field-penetrable distance to said hollow superconductive shield,

electric motors, the electric motors disposed inside said hollow superconductive shield along the central axis of said hollow superconductive shield,

a power source, the power source disposed inside said hollow superconductive shield, said power source electrically connected with said upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, said lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, and said electric motors,

life-support equipment, the life-support equipment disposed inside said inner shield,

a flux modulation controller,

(Where is the equation for this? I had

/\zpf(P) ~ (effective area)^-1cos[2pi(Magnetic Flux through small SC loop at P)/Quantum of Flux)]

Guv + /\zpfguv = 0

Or in Cartan notation

G = D'*W = *J 4-form eq.

*J ~ (effective area)^-1cos[2pi(Magnetic Flux through small SC loop at P)/Quantum of Flux)] this is a 4-form

*W is Hodge dual of the 1-form Ricci spin connection

W = -*[dB/\(1-B)] 1-form = curvature Ricci spin-connection

B is local 1-form gauge potential from T4 ---> Diff(4) 4 parameters

D' = d + W/\ + S/
S is 1-form gauge potential from locally gauging O(1,3) 6 parameters

i.e. 10-parameter configuration space like Shipov's "oriented point".

We also then need field equations for S and also for A(em) and J(em)(superconducting currents).

That's all straight-forward.

EM field equations are

F(em) = D'A(em) = (d + W(curvature)/\ + S(torsion)/\)A(em)

D'F(em) = 0

D'*F(em) = *J(em) 3-form

J(em) 1-form comes from covariant Landau-Ginzburg eq in Mexican Hat Potential including phase-locking between the vacuum "inflationary" phase and the rotating superconductor phases. That will be the most difficult part to model mathematically.

Torsion field equations are

D'*S = *J(torsion)

complete story later)

the flux modulation controller disposed inside said inner shield, said flux modulation controller in communication with said upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, said lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, said power source, and said electric motors, and

a crew, the crew disposed inside said inner shield accessibly to said life-support and said flux modulation controller.

2. The space vehicle of claim 1 wherein said hollow superconductive shield is composed of a high-temperature ceramic superconductor with a composite crystal structure, and is cooled to a temperature of about 40 degrees K.

3. The space vehicle of claim 1 wherein said inner shield is composed of insulating materials such as foamed ceramics.

4. The space vehicle of claim 1 wherein said power source is a nuclear generator.

5. The space vehicle of claim 1 wherein said flux modulation controller is a computer.

6. The space vehicle of claim 1 wherein said upper rotating element and said lower rotating element are pivoted, urged to rotate by said upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, said lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, and said electric motors.

7. The space vehicle of claim 1 wherein said hollow superconductive shield is pivoted and urged to rotate by said upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, said lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, and said electric motors.

8. A method for generating pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is claimed comprising the following steps, some occurring simultaneously:

providing a space vehicle comprising a hollow superconductive shield, an inner shield, a support structure, upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, electric motors, a power source, life-support equipment, a flux modulation controller, and a crew,

generating electrical energy in said power source,

converting said electrical energy into an electromagnetic field in said upper means for generating an electromagnetic field and said lower means for generating an electromagnetic field,

converting said electrical energy into mechanical energy in said electrical motors,

rotating said upper means for generating an electromagnetic field and said lower means for generating an electromagnetic field relative to said hollow superconductive shield,

converting said electromagnetic field into a gravitomagnetic field in said hollow superconductive shield,

(show the equations)

propagating said gravitomagnetic field outward, orthogonal to the walls of said hollow superconductive shield, and

(show the equations)

forming a pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state in the area of propagation of said gravitomagnetic field, the pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state comprised of an area of relatively lower vacuum pressure density in front of said space vehicle and an area of relatively higher vacuum pressure density behind said vehicle,

(This is the wrong idea. Technically you need an negative ZPF pressure behind said vehicle making the blue shift from positive ZPF energy density since w = -1. And you need a positive ZPF pressure with negative ZPF energy density in front of the ship making a red shift i.e. "Reverse Doppler shift".)

whereby said space vehicle is urged to move from said area of relatively higher vacuum pressure density toward said area of relatively lower vacuum pressure density.

(The author does not really understand the general relativity physics, but he has a good intuition.)

9. The method of claim 8 wherein said pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is a substantially droplet-shaped anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state provided by the propagation of a gravitomagnetic field radiating orthogonally away from the front of said hollow superconductive shield,

whereby providing for the gravitational imbalance where the lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state is pulling said space vehicle forward.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein said pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is a substantially droplet-shaped anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state provided by the propagation of a gravitomagnetic field radiating orthogonally away from the back of said hollow superconductive shield,

whereby providing for the gravitational imbalance where the elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state is pushing said space vehicle forward.

11. The method of claim 8 wherein said pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is comprised of a substantially droplet-shaped anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state and a substantially droplet-shaped anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state,

whereby providing for the gravitational imbalance where the lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state is pulling, and the elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state is pushing, said space vehicle forward.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein said pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is a substantially egg-shaped anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state provided by the unequally-distributed gravitomagnetic field propagated in all directions orthogonally away from said hollow superconductive shield with an area of lowest vacuum pressure density disposed directly in front said space vehicle,

whereby providing for the gravitational imbalance such that the lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state is pulling said space vehicle forward in modified spacetime.

13. The method of claim 8 wherein said pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is a substantially egg-shaped anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state provided by the unequally-distributed gravitomagnetic field propagated in all directions orthogonally away from said hollow superconductive shield with an area of highest vacuum pressure density disposed directly behind said space vehicle,

whereby providing for the gravitational imbalance such that the highest pressure of inflationary vacuum state is pushing said space vehicle forward in modified spacetime at a speed possibly approaching a local light-speed, the local light-speed which may be substantially higher than the light-speed in the ambient space.

(OK he realizes intuitively that it can be globally FTL, but he does not understand GR's idea of timelike geodesics.)

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The technical field of this disclosure represents space vehicles propelled by the electro-magnetically changed properties of vacuum, particularly the pressure of inflationary vacuum state.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The existence of a magnetic-like gravitational field has been well established by physicists for general relativity, gravitational theories, and cosmology. The consequences of the effect of electromagnetically-affected gravity could be substantial and have many practical applications, particularly in aviation and space exploration.

(But he does not have any numbers showing the effect is VERY WEAK!)

There are methods known for converting electromagnetism into a propulsive force that potentially generates a large propulsive thrust. According to these methods, the machine thrust is produced by rotating, reciprocating masses in the following ways: centrifugal thrust, momentum thrust, and impulse thrust. ("To the Stars by Electromagnetic Propulsion", M. T. French, http://www.mtjf.demon.co.uk/antigravp2.htm#cforce).

(I will look at this - sounds like Shipov's device?)

However, the electromagnetic propulsion in an ambient space, or space that is not artificially modified, is not practical for interstellar travel because of the great distances involved. No interstellar travel is feasible without some form of distortion of space. In turn, no alteration of space is possible without the corresponding deformation of time. Gravitomagnetic alteration of space, resulting in the spacetime curvature anomaly that could propel the space vehicle, could be a feasible approach to future space travel.

In the late 1940s, H. B. G. Casimir proved that the vacuum is neither particle nor field-free. It is a source of zero-point-fluctuation (ZPF) of fields such as the vacuum gravitomagnetic field. ZPF fields lead to real, measurable physical consequences such as the Casimir force. The quantized hand-made electromagnetic processes, such as those occurring in superconductors, affect the similarly quantized ZPFs.

(Show the equations)

The most likely reason is the electron-positron creation and annihilation, in part corresponding to the "polarization effect" sited by Evgeny Podkletnov in explaining the gravitomagnetic effect reportedly observed by him in 1992.

(Again very weak. Show the equations and compute the numbers)

("Weak Gravitational Shielding Properties of Composite Bulk YBa2Cu33O(7-x) Superconductor Below 70 K Under E.M. Field", Evgeny Podkletnov, LANL database number cond-mat/9701074, v. 3, 10 pages, 16 Sep. 1997).

The investigation of gravitomagnetism, however, started well before Podkletnov. In the U.S. Pat. No. 3,626,605, Henry Wm. Wallace describes an experimental apparatus for generating and detecting a secondary gravitational field. He also shows how a time-varying gravitomagnetic field can be used to shield the primary background of a gravitoelectric field.

(Dubious)

In the U.S. Pat. No. 3,626,606, Henry Wm. Wallace provides a variation of his earlier experiment. A type III-V semiconductor material, of which both components have unpaired nuclear spin, is used as an electronic detector for the gravitomagnetic field. The experiment demonstrates that the material in his gravitomagnetic field circuit has hysterisis and remanence effects analogous to magnetic materials.

In the U.S. Pat. No. 3,823,570, Henry Wm. Wallace provides an additional variation of his experiment. Wallace demonstrates that, by aligning the nuclear spin of materials having an odd number of nucleons, a change in specific heat occurs.

In the U.S. Pat. No. 5,197,279, James R. Taylor discloses Electromagnetic Propulsion Engine where solenoidal windings generate an electromagnetic field that, without the conversion into a gravitomagnetic field, generates the thrust necessary for the propulsion.

In the U.S. Pat. No. 6,353,311 B1, John P. Brainard et al. offer a controversial theory of Universal Particle Flux Field, and in order to prove it empirically, provide a shaded motor-type device. This device is also intended for extracting energy from this hypothetical Field.

(All dubious)

In the early 1980s, Sidney Coleman and F. de Luca noted that the Einsteinean postulate of a homogeneous Universe, while correct in general, ignores quantized local fluctuation of the pressure of inflationary vacuum state, this fluctuation causing local cosmic calamities. While the massless particles propagate through large portions of Universe at light speed, these anomaly bubbles, depending on their low or high relative vacuum density, cause a local increase or decrease of the propagation values for these particles. Scientists disagree about the possibility, and possible ways, to artificially create models of such anomalies.

(Garbled)

In the early 1990s, Ning Li and D. G Torr described a method and means for converting an electromagnetic field into a gravitomagnetic field. Li and Torr suggested that, under the proper conditions, the minuscule force fields of superconducting atoms can "couple", compounding in strength to the point where they can produce a repulsion force ("Effects of a Gravitomagnetic Field on Pure Superconductors", N. Li and D. G. Torr, Physical Review, Volume 43, Page 457, 3 pages, 15 Jan. 1991).

(I need to read that for my new book "Star Gate".)

A series of experiments, performed in the early 1990s by Podkletnov and R. Nieminen, reportedly resulted in a reduction of the weights of objects placed above a levitating, rotating superconductive disk subjected to high frequency magnetic fields. These results substantially support the expansion of Einsteinean physics offered by Li & Torr. Podkletnov and Giovanni Modanese have provided a number of interesting theories as to why the weight reduction effect could have occurred, citing quantum gravitational effects, specifically, a local change in the cosmological constant. The cosmological constant, under ordinary circumstances, is the same everywhere. But, according to Podkletnov and Modanese, above a levitating, rotating superconductive disk exposed to high frequency magnetic fields, it is modified. ("Impulse Gravity Generator Based on Charged YBa2Cu33O7-y Superconductor with Composite Crystal Structure", Evgeny Podkletnov, Giovanni Modanese, arXiv.org/physics database, #0108005 volume 2, 32 pages, 8 figures, Aug. 30, 2001).

(Yes, that's also my basic idea in

Guv + /\zpfguv = 0

But in order to make /\zpf a local variable we need the torsion field. This is why.

In GR the Bianchi identity is

Guv^;v = 0

Also

guv^;v = 0

Therefore,

/\zpf^,v = 0

i.e. zero point energy density must be uniform homogeneous and static.

in Cartan form notation

R = DW = curvature 2-form

D = d + W/
DR = D^2W = 0 Bianchi identity

*[R/\e + /\zpfe/\e] = 0 is Guv + /\zpfguv = 0

e = 1 + B

But De = 0

DR = 0

therefore

D/\zpf = 0

This changes when D is replaced by D' = D + S/
where S is the torsion 1-form potential.)

In the July 2004 paper, Ning Wu hypothesized that exponential decay of the gravitation gauge field, characteristic for the unstable vacuum such as that created by Podkletnov and Nieminen, is at the root of the gravitational shielding effects (Gravitational Shielding Effects in Gauge Theory of Gravity, Ning Wu, arXiv:hep-th/0307225 v 1 23 Jul. 2003, 38 pages incl. 3 figures, July 2004).

(Maybe, I have not read this paper)

In 2002, Edward Fomalont and Sergei Kopeikin measured the speed of propagation of gravity. They confirmed that the speed of propagation of gravity matches the speed of light. ("General Relativistic Model for Experimental Measurement of the Speed of Propagation of Gravity by VLBI", S. Kopeikin and E. Fomalont, Proceedings of the 6th European VLBI Network Symposium Jun. 25-28 2002, Bonn, Germany, 4 pages).

(Padding)

String theory unifies gravity with all other known forces. According to String theory, all interactions are carried by fundamental particles, and all particles are just tiny loops of space itself forming the spacetime curvature. Gravity and bent space are the same thing, propagating with the speed of light characteristic of the particular curvature. In light of the Fomalont and Kopeikin discovery, one can conclude that if there is a change in the speed of propagation of gravity within the spacetime curvature, then the speed of light within the locality would also be affected.

(Padding)

In general relativity, any form of energy affects the gravitational field, so the vacuum energy density becomes a potentially crucial ingredient.

(That's correct. Hal Puthoff did not understand that. Hal made a false analogy with QED where you can, under limited conditions SUBTRACT off the ZPF as in the Casimir force effect without quantum gravity corrections where

Finite Casimir force ~ hcA/L^4 = Infinite ZPF of space with plates - Infinite ZPF of space without the plates

for plates of area A separated by L. Hal violated the equivalence principle trying to do same thing for the direct bending of space-time by ZPF pressure that dominates the ZPF energy density by the factor 3w, where w = -1 (neglecting anisotropies).)

Traditionally, the vacuum is assumed to be the same everywhere in the Universe, so the vacuum energy density is a universal number.

(Correct)

The cosmological constant Λ is proportional to the vacuum pressure ρΛ: Λ=(8πG/3c2)ρΛ, where G is Newton's constant of gravitation and c is the speed of light ("The Cosmological Constant", Sean M. Carroll, http://pancake.uchicago.edu/˜carroll/encyc/, 6 pages). Newer theories, however, permit local vacuum fluctuations where even the "universal" constants are affected: Λ1=(8πG1/3c12)ρΛ1.

Analyzing physics laws defining the cosmological constant, a conclusion can be drawn that, if a levitating, rotating superconductive disk subjected to high frequency magnetic fields affects the cosmological constant within a locality, it would also affect the vacuum energy density.

(Show the equations & compute the numbers)


According to the general relativity theory, the gravitational attraction is explained as the result of the curvature of spacetime being proportional to the cosmological constant. Thus, the change in the gravitational attraction of the vacuum's subatomic particles would cause a local anomaly in the curvature of the Einsteinean spacetime.

(Yes, i.e. Guv + /\zpfguv = 0, but does he write that equation?)

Time is the fourth dimension. Lorentz and Einstein showed that space and time are intrinsically related. Later in his life, Einstein hypothesized that time fluctuates both locally and universally. Ruggero Santilli, recognized for expanding relativity theory, has developed the isocosmology theory, which allows for variable rates of time. Time is also a force field only detected at speeds above light speed. The energy of this force field grows as its propagation speed declines when approaching light-speed. Not just any light-speed: the light-speed of a locale. If the conditions of the locale were modified, this change would affect the local time rate relative to the rate outside the affected locale, or ambient rate. The electromagnetically-generated gravitomagnetic field could be one such locale modifier.

(Uh Oh! - not good)

Analyzing the expansion of Einstainean physics offered by Li & Torr, one could conclude that gravity, time, and light speed could be altered by the application of electromagnetic force to a superconductor.

(Amateurish, but the guy is smart & imaginative and was able to snow the Patent guy who should be fired for incompetence.)

By creating a spacetime curvature anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state around a space vehicle, with the lowest vacuum pressure density located directly in front of the vehicle, a condition could be created where gravity associated with lowered vacuum pressure density pulls the vehicle forward in modified spacetime.

(Garbled as I explained above - but a glimmer of the correct idea. OK I am not reading the stuff below right now. The patent is interesting.)

By creating a spacetime curvature anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state around the space vehicle, with the point of highest vacuum pressure density located directly behind the vehicle, a condition could be created where a repulsion force associated with elevated vacuum pressure density pushes the space vehicle forward in modified spacetime. From the above-mentioned cosmological constant equation, re-written as: ##EQU1##
it is clear that the increase in the vacuum pressure density could lead to a substantial increase in the light-speed. If the space vehicle is moving in the anomaly where the local light-speed is higher than the light-speed of the ambient vacuum, and if this vehicle approaches this local light-speed, the space vehicle would then possibly exceed the light-speed characteristic for the ambient area.


The levitating and rotating superconductor disk, which Podkletnov used to protect the object of experiment from the attraction produced by the energy of the vacuum, was externally energized by the externally-powered solenoid coils. Thus, Podkletnov's system is stationary by definition and not suitable for travel in air or space. Even if the superconductive disk is made part of the craft, and if it is energized by the energy available on the craft, the resulting anomaly is one-sided, not enveloping, and not providing the variable speed of light (VSL) environment for the craft.

In a recent (2002) article, Chris Y. Tailor and Modanese propose to employ an impulse gravity generator directing, from an outside location, an anomalous beam toward a spacecraft, this beam acting as a repulsion force field producing propulsion for the spacecraft. ("Evaluation of an Impulse Gravity Generator Based Beamed Propulsion Concept", Chris Y. Taylor and Giovanni Modanese, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2002, 21 pages, 10 figures). The authors of the article, however, didn't take into account the powerful quantized processes of field dispersion, which would greatly limit the distance of propagation of the repulsive force. At best, the implementation of this concept could assist in acceleration and deceleration at short distances from the impulse gravity generator, and only along a straight line of travel. If the travel goal is a space exploration mission rather than the shuttle-like commute, the proposed system is of little use.

Only a self-sufficient craft, equipped with the internal gravity generator and the internal energy source powering this generator, would have the flexibility needed to explore new frontiers of space. The modification of the spacetime curvature all around the spacecraft would allow the spacecraft to approach the light-speed characteristic for the modified locale, this light-speed, when observed from a location in the ambient space, being potentially many times higher than the ambient light-speed. Then, under sufficient local energies, that is, energies available on the spacecraft, very large intergalactic distances could be reduced to conventional planetary distances.

In "The First Men in the Moon" (1903), H. G. Wells anticipates gravitational propulsion methods when he describes gravity repelling "cavorite." Discovered by Professor Cavor, the material acts as a "gravity shield" allowing Cavor's vehicle to reach the Moon. Prof. Cavor built a large spherical gondola surrounded on all sides by cavorite shutters that could be closed or opened. When Prof. Cavor closed all the shutters facing the ground and opened the shutters facing the moon, the gondola took off for the Moon.

Until today, no cavorite has been discovered. However, recent research in the area of superconductivity, nanomaterials and quantum state of vacuum, including that of Li, Torr, Podkletnov, and Modanese, has resulted in important new information about the interaction between a gravitational field and special states of matter at a quantum level. This new research opens the possibility of using new electromagnetically-energized superconductive materials allowing stable states of energy, the materials useful not only in controlling the local gravitational fields, but also in creating new gravitomagnetic fields.

BACKGROUND OF INVENTION: OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES

There are four objects of this invention:

The first object is to provide a method for generating a pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state that leads to electromagnetic propulsion.

The second object is to provide a space vehicle capable of electromagnetically-generated propulsion. The implementation of these two objects leads to the development of the space vehicle propelled by gravitational imbalance with gravity pulling, and/or antigravity pushing, the space vehicle forward.

The third object is to provide a method for generating a pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state, specifically, the local increase in the level of vacuum pressure density associated with the greater curvature of spacetime. The speed of light in such an anomaly would be higher than the speed of light in the ambient space.

The fourth object is to provide the space vehicle capable of generating an unequally-distributed external anomaly all around this vehicle, specifically the anomaly with the elevated level of vacuum pressure density. The anomaly is formed in such a way that gravity pulls the space vehicle forward in the modified spacetime at a speed possibly approaching the light-speed specific for this modified locale. If the vacuum pressure density of the locale is modified to be substantially higher than that of the ambient vacuum, the speed of the vehicle could conceivably be higher than the ambient light-speed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

This invention concerns devices self-propelled by the artificially changed properties of the pressure of inflationary vacuum state to speeds possibly approaching the light-speed specific for this modified locale. Furthermore, this invention concerns devices capable of generating the spacetime anomaly characterized by the elevated vacuum pressure density. The devices combining these capabilities may be able to move at speeds substantially higher than the light-speed in the ambient space.

The device of this invention is a space vehicle. The outside shell of the space vehicle is formed by a hollow disk, sphere, or the like hollowed 3-dimensional shape made of a superconductor material, hereinafter a hollow superconductive shield. An inner shield is disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield. The inner shield is provided to protect crew and life-support equipment inside.

A support structure, upper means for generating an electromagnetic field and lower means for generating an electromagnetic field are disposed between the hollow superconductive shield and the inner shield. A flux modulation controller is disposed inside the inner shield to be accessible to the crew.

Electrical energy is generated in a power source disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield. The electrical energy is converted into an electromagnetic field in the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field and the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field.

Electrical motors, also disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield, convert the electrical energy into mechanical energy.

The mechanical energy and the electromagnetic field rotate the hollow superconductive shield, and the upper and the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, against each other.

The electromagnetic field is converted into a gravitomagnetic field in the hollow superconductive shield.

The gravitomagnetic field, propagated outward, orthogonally to the walls of the hollow superconductive shield, forms a pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state in the area of propagation. The pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is comprised of an area of relatively lower vacuum pressure density in front of the space vehicle and an area of relatively higher vacuum pressure density behind the vehicle.

The difference in the vacuum pressure density propels the space vehicle of this invention forward.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through the front plane taken along the central axis of a space vehicle provided by the method and device of this invention.

FIGS. 2A & 2B are diagrams, presented as perspective views, showing some of the physical processes resulting from a dynamic application of an electromagnetic field to a hollow superconductive shield. Only one line of quantized vortices, shown out of scale, is presented for illustration purposes.

FIGS. 3A & 3B are diagrams, presented as perspective views, showing a vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state and a vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state, respectively. Both anomalies are shown on the background of Universal curvature of inflationary vacuum state.

FIGS. 4A & 4B are diagrams, presented as perspective views, showing a spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state and a spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state, respectively. Both anomalies are shown on the background of Universal spacetime.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 6, 7A, & 7B are diagrams of spacetime curvature anomalies generated by the space vehicle of the current invention, these anomalies providing for the propulsion of the space vehicle.

DRAWINGS—REFERENCE NUMERALS
1 hollow superconductive shield
2 inner shield
3 upper shell
4 lower shell
5 support structure
6 upper rotating element
7 lower rotating element
8 upper means for generating an electromagnetic field
9 lower means for generating an electromagnetic field
10 flux lines
11 power source
12 life-support equipment
13 flux modulation controller
14 crew
15 clockwise shield motion vector
16 counterclockwise EMF motion vector
17 wire grid
18 clockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions
19 outward gravitomagnetic field vector
20 counterclockwise shield motion vector
21 clockwise EMF motion vector
22 counterclockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions
23 inward gravitomagnetic field vector
24 vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state
25 Universal curvature of inflationary vacuum state
26 vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state
27 spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state
28 spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state
29 Universal spacetime
30 substantially droplet-shaped spacetime curvature anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state
31 substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state
32 substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state
33 area of the lowest vacuum pressure density
34 substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state
35 area of the highest vacuum pressure density


DESCRIPTION OF THE PRESENTLY PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view through the front plane taken along the central axis of a space vehicle provided by the method and device of this invention. A hollow superconductive shield 1 forms a protective outer shell of the space vehicle. The hollow superconductive shield 1 may be shaped as a hollow disk, sphere, or the like 3-dimensional geometrical figure formed by the 2-dimensional rotation of a curve around the central axis.

In the preferred embodiment, the hollow superconductive shield 1 is made of a superconductor such as YBa2Cu3O7-y, or a like high-temperature superconductor with a composite crystal structure cooled to the temperature of about 40 degrees K. The skilled in the art may envision the use of many other low- and high-temperature superconductors, all within the scope of this invention.

An inner shield 2 is disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield 1. The inner shield 2 is comprised of an upper shell 3 and a lower shell 4, the shells 3 and 4 adjoined with each other. Executed from insulation materials such as foamed ceramics, the inner shield 2 protects the environment within the shield from the electromagnetic field and severe temperatures.

A support structure 5 is disposed between the hollow superconductive shield 1 and the inner shield 2, concentric to the hollow superconductive shield. The support structure 5 is comprised of an upper rotating element 6 and a lower rotating element 7.

The upper rotating element 6 is pivotably disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield 1 and may envelope the upper shell 3. The lower rotating element 7 is pivotably disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield 1 and may envelope the lower shell 4. Even though the preferred embodiment has two rotating elements, a skilled in the art may envision only one rotating element, or three or more rotation elements, all within the scope of this invention.

Upper means for generating an electromagnetic field 8 are disposed between the hollow superconductive shield 1 and the upper shell 3. The upper means for generating an electromagnetic field 8 are affixed to the upper rotating element 6 at an electromagnetic field-penetrable distance to the hollow superconductive shield 1.

Lower means for generating an electromagnetic field 9 are disposed between the hollow superconductive shield 1 and the lower shell 4. The lower means for generating an electromagnetic field 9 are affixed to the lower rotating element 7 at an electromagnetic field-penetrable distance to the hollow superconductive shield 1.

The upper means for generating an electromagnetic field 8 and the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field 9 could be solenoid coils or electromagnets. In the process of operation of the space vehicle, the electromagnetic field identified by flux lines 10, is controllably and variably applied to the hollow superconductive shield 1.

Electric motors are disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield along its central axis.

A power source 11 is disposed inside the hollow superconductive shield 1 and may be disposed inside the lower shell 4. The power source 11 is electrically connected with the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field 8, the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field 9, and the electric motors. In-turn, the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field 8, the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field 9, and the electric motors provide for the rotation of the upper rotating element 6 and the lower rotating element 7. The power source 11 may be executed as a nuclear power generator.

Life-support equipment 12 is disposed inside the inner shield 2, and may be disposed inside the lower shell 4. The life-support equipment 12 may include oxygen, water, and food.

A flux modulation controller 13 is disposed inside the inner shield 2, and may be disposed inside the upper shell 3. The flux modulation controller 13 is in communication with the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field 8, the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field 9, the power source 11, and the electric motors.

The flux modulation controller 8 may be executed as a computer or a microprocessor. The flux modulation controller 8 is provided with a capability of modulating the performance parameters of the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field 8, the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field 9, the power source 11, and the electric motors.

A crew 14 may be located inside the upper shell 3 of the inner shield 2 and may consist of one or more astronauts. The crew has a free access to the life-support equipment 12 and the flux modulation controller 8. A skilled in the art may envision a fully-automated, pilotless craft, which is also within the scope of this invention.

A skilled in the art may also envision the embodiment (not shown), also within the scope of this invention, where the hollow superconductive shield is pivotable, and the support structure with the means for generating an electromagnetic field is affixed on the outside of the inner shield.

FIGS. 2A & 2B are diagrams showing the results of the quantized electromagnetic turbulence within the superconductive shell of the hollow superconductive shield provided by the relative rotational motion of the hollow superconductive shield against the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field.

FIG. 2A shows the clockwise relative rotational motion of the hollow superconductive shield, this motion identified by a clockwise shield motion vector 15, and the counterclockwise relative rotational motion of upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, this motion identified by a counterclockwise EMF motion vector 16.

The electromagnetic field, controllably and variably applied by the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, whose various positions are identified by a wire grid 17, to the hollow superconductive shield (not shown), causes quantized electromagnetic turbulence within the hollow superconductive shield. This turbulence is represented by a plurality of clockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions 18. Only one line of the clockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions 18, out of scale, is shown for illustration purposes only. Each of the clockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions 18 generates a gravitomagnetic field identified by an outward gravitomagnetic field vector 19 directed orthogonally away from the hollow superconductive shield.

FIG. 2B shows the counterclockwise relative rotational motion of the hollow superconductive shield, this motion identified by a counterclockwise shield motion vector 20, and the clockwise relative rotational motion of upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, this motion identified by a clockwise EMF motion vector 21.

The electromagnetic field, controllably and variably applied by the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field identified by the wire grid 17, to the hollow superconductive shield (not shown), causes quantized electromagnetic turbulence within the hollow superconductive shield, this turbulence represented by a plurality of counterclockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions 22. Only one line of the counterclockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions 22, out of scale, is shown for illustration purposes only. Each of the counterclockwise quantized vortices of lattice ions 22 generates a gravitomagnetic field identified by an inward gravitomagnetic field vector 23 directed orthogonally toward the hollow superconductive shield.

The electrical requirements for providing the Li-Torr effect are as follows:

Podkletnov has reported using the high frequency current of 105 Hz. He also used 6 solenoid coils @ 850 Gauss each. The reported system's efficiency reached 100% and the total field in the Podkletnov's disk was about 0.5 Tesla. The maximum weight loss reported by Podkletnov was 2.1%.

The preferred embodiment of the device of current invention is capable of housing 2-3 astronauts and therefore is envisioned to be about 5 meters in diameter at the widest point. The preferred space vehicle's acceleration is set at 9.8 m/s/s providing that gravity on board is similar to that on the surface of Earth.

The means for generating an electromagnetic field may be comprised of 124 solenoid coils. At the same 100% efficiency reported by Podkletnov, the total field required providing the acceleration of 9.8 m/s/s is 5,000 Tesla, or about 40 Tesla per coil. Skeggs suggests that on the Podkletnov device, out of 850 Gauss developed on the coil surface, the field affecting the superconductor and causing the gravitomagnetism is only 400 Gauss ("Engineering Analysis of the Podkletnov Gravity Shielding Experiment, Peter L. Skeggs, Quantum Forum, Nov. 7, 1997, http://www.inetarena.com/˜noetic/pls/podlev.html, 7 pages). This translates into 47% device efficiency.

In this 47%-efficient space vehicle, the total field required achieving the 9.8 m/s/s acceleration is about 10,600 Tesla, or 85.5 Tesla per each of 124 solenoid coils. It must be noted that at this acceleration rate, it would take nearly a year for the space vehicle to reach the speed of light.

It also must be noted that Skeggs has detected a discrepancy between the Li-Torr estimates and Podkletnov's practical results. If Podkletnov's experimental results are erroneous while the Li-Torr estimates are indeed applicable to the space vehicle of this invention, then the energy requirements for achieving the sought speed would be substantially higher than the above estimate of 10,600 Tesla.

Podkletnov has concluded that, in order for the vacuum pressure density anomaly to take place, the Earth-bound device must be in the condition of Meissner levitation. As are all space bodies, the space vehicle is a subject to the pressure inflationary vacuum state and the gravitational force, which, within the migrating locality of the expanding Universe, in any single linear direction, are substantially in equilibrium. Thus, for the space vehicle, the requirement of Meissner levitation is waved.

The propagation of the gravitomagnetic field identified by the outward gravitomagnetic field vector 19 and the inward gravitomagnetic field vector 23 would cause exotic quantized processes in the vacuum's subatomic particles that include particle polarization, ZPF field defects, and the matter-energy transformation per E=mc2. The combination of these processes would result in the gravitational anomaly. According to the general relativity theory, gravitational attraction is explained as the result of the curvature of spacetime being proportional to the gravitational constant. Thus, the change in the gravitational attraction of the vacuum's subatomic particles would cause a local anomaly in the curvature of the Einsteinean spacetime.

Gravity is the same thing as bent space, propagating with the speed of light characteristic for the particular spacetime curvature. When bent space is affected, there is a change in the speed of propagation of gravity within the spacetime curvature anomaly. The local speed of light, according to Fomalont and Kopeikin always equal to the local speed of propagation of gravity, is also affected within the locality of spacetime curvature anomaly.

Creation of spacetime curvature anomalies adjacent to, or around, the space vehicle, these anomalies characterized by the local gravity and light-speed change, has been the main object of this invention.

FIG. 3A shows a diagram of a vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 24 on the background of Universal curvature of inflationary vacuum state 25. The vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 24 is formed by a multitude of the inward gravitomagnetic field vectors. According to the cosmological constant equation, Λ=(8πG/3c2)ρΛ, where the cosmological constant Λ is proportional to the vacuum energy pressure ρΛ, G is Newton's constant of gravitation, and c is the speed of light, the curvature of spacetime is proportional to the gravitational constant. According to the general relativity theory, the change in the vacuum pressure density is proportional to the change in the spacetime curvature anomaly. By replacing ρΛ with the vacuum pressure density, P times the vacuum energy coefficient κ, and replacing c with Δdistance/Δtime, we derive to Λ=[8πG/3(Δdistance/Δtime)2]Pκ, and could now construct a vacuum pressure density curvature diagram.

The vacuum pressure density curvature anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 24 is shown here as a flattened surface representing the lowered pressure of the inflationary vacuum state. This anomaly is the result of the exotic quantized processes in the subatomic particles caused by the quantized turbulence occurring in the hollow superconductive shield. The XYZ axes represent three dimensions of space and the P axis represents the vacuum pressure density.

FIG. 3B shows a diagram of a vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 26 on the background of the Universal curvature of inflationary vacuum state 25. The vacuum pressure density anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 26 is formed by a multitude of the outward gravitomagnetic field vectors. The anomaly is shown here as a convex surface representing the elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state. The diagrams of FIGS. 3A & 3B are not to scale: the anomaly sizes are exaggerated for clarity.

FIGS. 4A & 4B show diagrams of a spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 27, and a spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 28, respectively, each on the background a diagram of Universal spacetime 29.

The quaterized Julia set Qn+1=Qn2+C0 is assumed to be an accurate mathematical representation of the Universal spacetime. The generic quaternion Q0 belongs to the Julia set associated with the quaternion C, and n tends to infinity. If we assume that the quaternion value C0 is associated with the Universal spacetime 29, C1 is the value of quaternion C for the spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 27, and C2 is the value of quaternion C for the spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 28, then we can construct two diagrams.

The diagram of FIG. 4A shows the spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 27 as a quaterized Julia set contained in a 4-dimensional space: Qn+1=Qn2+C1 on the background of the Universal spacetime 29 represented by Qn+1=Qn2+C0.

The diagram of FIG. 4B shows the spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 28 as a quaterized Julia set Qn+1=Qn2+C2, also on the background of the Universal spacetime 29 represented by Qn+1=Qn2+C0. On both diagrams, the XYZ axes represent three dimensions of space, and the T axis represents time. The diagrams are not to scale: the anomaly sizes are exaggerated for clarity, and the halves of quaterized Julia sets, conventionally associated with the hypothetical Anti-Universe, are omitted.

FIGS. 5A, 5B, 6, 7A, & 7B show simplified diagrams of spacetime curvature anomalies generated by the space vehicle of the current invention, these anomalies providing for the propulsion of the space vehicle. In each case, the pressure anomaly of inflationary vacuum state is comprised of an area of relatively lower vacuum pressure density in front of the space vehicle and an area of relatively higher vacuum pressure density behind the space vehicle. Because the lower pressure of inflationary vacuum state is associated with greater gravity and the higher pressure is associated with the higher repulsive force, the space vehicle is urged to move from the area of relatively higher vacuum pressure density toward the area of relatively lower vacuum pressure density.

FIG. 5A illustrates the first example of spacetime curvature modification. This example shows a substantially droplet-shaped spacetime curvature anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 30 adjacent to the hollow superconductive shield 1 of the space vehicle. The anomaly 30 is provided by the propagation of a gravitomagnetic field radiating orthogonally away from the front of the hollow superconductive shield 1. This gravitomagnetic field may be provided by the relative clockwise motion of the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field, and relative counterclockwise motion of the hollow superconductive field, as observed from above the space vehicle.

In this example, the difference between the spacetime curvature within the substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state, and the ambient spacetime curvature, the spacetime curvature being the same as gravity, results in the gravitational imbalance, with gravity pulling the space vehicle forward.

FIG. 5B illustrates the second example of spacetime curvature modification. This example shows a substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 31 adjacent to the hollow superconductive shield 1 of the space vehicle. The anomaly 31 is provided by the propagation of a gravitomagnetic field radiating orthogonally away from the back of the hollow superconductive shield. This gravitomagnetic field may be provided by the relative counterclockwise motion of the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, and relative clockwise motion of the hollow superconductive field, as observed from below the space vehicle.

In this example, the difference between the spacetime curvature within the substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state, and the ambient spacetime curvature, the spacetime curvature being the same as gravity, results in the gravitational imbalance, with the repulsion force pushing the space vehicle forward.

FIG. 6 illustrates the third example of spacetime curvature modification. This example shows the formation of the substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 30 combined with the substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 31. This combination of anomalies may be provided by the relative clockwise motion of the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field and relative clockwise motion of the hollow superconductive field, combined with the relative clockwise motion of the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, as observed from above the space vehicle.

In this example, the difference between the spacetime curvature within the substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state, and the spacetime curvature of the substantially droplet-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state, the spacetime curvature being the same as gravity, results in the gravitational imbalance, with gravity pulling, and the repulsion force pushing, the space vehicle forward.

FIG. 7A illustrates the fourth example of spacetime curvature modification. This example shows the formation of a substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 32 around the hollow superconductive shield 1 of the space vehicle. The anomaly 32 is provided by the propagation of gravitomagnetic field of unequally-distributed density, this gravitomagnetic field radiating in all directions orthogonally away from the hollow superconductive shield. The propagation of the unequally-distributed gravitomagnetic field leads to the similarly unequally-distributed spacetime curvature anomaly. This unequally-distributed gravitomagnetic field may be provided by the relatively faster clockwise motion of the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field relative to the hollow superconductive field, combined with the relatively slower counterclockwise motion of the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, as observed from above the space vehicle.

An area of the lowest vacuum pressure density 33 of the substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state 32 is located directly in front of the space vehicle.

In this example, the variation in the spacetime curvature within the substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with lowered pressure of inflationary vacuum state, the spacetime curvature being the same as gravity, results in a gravitational imbalance, with gravity pulling the space vehicle forward in modified spacetime.

FIG. 7B illustrates the fifth example of spacetime curvature modification, also with the purpose of providing for a propulsion in modified spacetime. This example shows the formation of a substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 34 around the hollow superconductive shield 1 of the space vehicle. The anomaly 34 is provided by the propagation of gravitomagnetic field of unequally-distributed density, this gravitomagnetic field radiating in all directions orthogonally away from the hollow superconductive shield. The propagation of the unequally-distributed gravitomagnetic field leads to the similarly unequally-distributed spacetime curvature anomaly. This unequally-distributed gravitomagnetic field may be provided by the relatively slower counterclockwise motion of the upper means for generating an electromagnetic field relative to the hollow superconductive field, combined with the relatively faster clockwise motion of the lower means for generating an electromagnetic field, as observed from above the space vehicle.

An area of the highest vacuum pressure density 35 of the substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state 34 is located directly behind the space vehicle.

In this example, the variation in the spacetime curvature within the substantially egg-shaped spacetime anomaly associated with elevated pressure of inflationary vacuum state, the spacetime curvature being same as gravity, results in a gravitational imbalance, with the repulsion force pushing the space vehicle forward in modified spacetime at speeds approaching the light-speed characteristic for this modified area. This light-speed might be much higher than the light-speed in the ambient space.

By creating alternative anomalies and modulating their parameters, the space vehicle's crew would dilate and contract time and space on demand. The space vehicle, emitting a vacuum pressure modifying, controllably-modulated gravitomagnetic field in all directions, would rapidly move in the uneven spacetime anomaly it created, pulled forward by gravity or pushed by the repulsion force. The time rate zone of the anomaly is expected to have multiple quantized boundaries rather than a single sudden boundary affecting space and time in the immediate proximity of the vehicle. Speed, rate of time, and direction in space could be shifted on demand and in a rapid manner. The modulated light-speed could make the space vehicle suitable for interstellar travel. Because of the time rate control in the newly created isospace, the accelerations would be gradual and the angles of deviation would be relatively smooth. The gravity shielding would further protect pilots from the ill-effects of gravity during rapid accelerations, directional changes, and sudden stops.

* * * * *

Einstein's Equivalence Principle is subtle, but not malicious
Following Kiehn's suggestion I am writing all of this up properly for a short book of mathematical lecture notes. If other people want to send in some pedagogical articles I can put them in as well. The book will be registered at Lib of Congress and on Amazon et-al and in all the book catalogs on-line and in book stores.


On Nov 9, 2005, at 12:36 AM, Gennady Shipov wrote:


----- Original Message -----
From: Jack Sarfatti
To: ROBERT BECKER ; James Woodward

Subject: Re: Russian R&D Torsion fields for exotic propulsion concepts

bcc

On Nov 7, 2005, at 10:57 PM, ROBERT BECKER wrote:

Jack,
Much has happened with your theory over the past week since you replied below. I can not keep up with you that fast? but I want to address a couple of points.

Yes indeed! Gennady Shipov made a valuable contribution where I went off-course on pushing the analogy of GR to Yang-Mills too far in too simple a way.

Robert Becker
2. Teleparallelism (TP) -

I can understand why you find the TP assumption not physically well-motivated. However, as I describe in the Mitre Paper in greater detail, there are very strong and profound mathematical reasons for assuming TP. And from this mathematics flows physically significant conclusions.

I see no physical motivation for it as yet. I know Shipov uses it.

Shipov Gennady
"You will find physical motivation here

http://www.shipov.com/science.html

http://www.shipov.com/files/DarkEnergy.pdf "


Robert Becker wrote:
"3. Torsion - In a comment made in one of his letters to you last week, Shipov does seem to sustain my statement (and a pillar of Vargas Theory) that Torsion in the Cartan formalism, has a fundamentally translational character, not associated with rotation or spin."

Yes, I don't understand that. It contradicts Kibble's paper.
Definitely, torsion is translational in the sense of a crystal dislocation.
(Hagen Kleinert?http://www.physik.fu-berlin.de/~kleinert/? )
and curvature is rotational in the sense of disclination i.e. rotation of vector parallel transported round a closed loop. The loop does not close in 2nd order when there is torsion.

Shipov Gennady wrote:
"Sirs, in this question I and Hagen Kleinert do not assert anything new."

OK in that case I am sure what I say is consistent with Kleinert's idea. There seem to be two meanings of "translation". Sure the torsion gap is a dislocation defect that can be thought of as a "translational defect", however it actually comes from locally gauging the 6-parameter Lorentz group O(1,3) group. Those are the 6 parameters in the added dimensions of Gennady's "oriented point manifold" of 6 + 4 = 10 dimensions. This was done explicitly first in the 60's I think by Utiyama who locally gauged O(1,3) but did not locally gauge T4. Utiyamia got torsion without curvature - he put the latter in by hand as I recall. Then Kibble published a paper showing that locally gauging the full 10-parameter Poincare group gives extended GR with both torsion and curvature.
Ref: Lorentz invariance and the gravitational field, TWB Kibble J Math Phys 2, 2, March April 1962 reprinted in "Gauge Theories in the Twentieth Century" ed. J.C. Taylor, Imperial College Press, 2001
"
Cartan writes in the article " On the Generalization of the Notion of the Curvature of Riemann and spaces whit Torsion" (Comptes Rendus Acad. Sci, vol 174, 1922, p.593-595), where he gives physical interpretation to torsion for the first time :

" In the general case, when there is a translation associated with every closed infinitesimally small contour, one can say that the space given differentiates itself from the euclidean space in two manners:

(1) by a curvature in the sense of Riemann, which expresses itself by a rotation;

(2) by a torsion, which expresses itself by a translation."

Yes, but there are two meanings there. The rotation is of the test vector taken around a tiny closed loop. However, the GCT is a 4-parameter group from locally gauging T4, so that when you use the T4 connection around the tiny closed loop you get an effective rotation at the initial = final point P that INDUCES a local Lorentz transformation (space-time rotation) at P. So this is the source of the confusion. T4 & O(1,3) are INTER-LOCKED since the Poincare group is the SEMI-DIRECT PRODUCT of T4 with O(1,3) their Lie algebras do not split off independently of each other into independent sub-algebras, i.e. Poisson brackets of translations with space-time rotations do not vanish. Similarly, the translational torsion gap comes from trying to go around the loop with the additional torsion connection that comes from locally gauging the 6-parameter O(1,3). This dual mixing on the rotations and the translations is because

[T4 translations, O(1,3) rotations] =/= 0

so their effects mix up together like in the uncertainty principle

[P,X] ~ ih

Therefore, this was simply a semantic ambiguity in the use of the "informal language" (Bohm)


Jack Sarfatti

However from the LOCAL GAUGE POV Shipov's extra 6 dimensions are the now variable phases of the 6 generators of the O(1,3) group now locally gauged to give the torsion potential 1-form S where now

D' = D + S/
D = d + W/
R' = D'W = curvature 2-form

T' = D'S = torsion 2-form

D'R' = 0 Bianchi identity

D'T' = 0 Bianchi identity

Now I have to be careful not to make the same mistake(s)


Shipov Gennady (between quotes)

"Jack, be careful .
Everything, that is written above not concern to classical geometry."

The Cartan notation is simply unfamiliar the way the Feynman diagrams were at the beginning. However Rovelli in Ch 2
http://www.cpt.univ-mrs.fr/~rovelli/rovelli.html
makes the connection to classical tensor methods clear.

I am sure my way of doing this is essentially correct, some minor errors along the way perhaps. Once one sees the power of this Cartan notation one is able to analyze novel physical situations almost instantly.
"The definitions accepted in classical geometry the following:

Local translational group T(4)

x(4) -4 translational coordinares (parameters) of local translattional group T(4)

e - tetrad 1-forms - generators of the local group T(4)

De=de - e/\W= 0 (A) "

That's what I already wrote exactly.

" Cartan structural equations of the local group T(4) (Teleparallelism A(4)) , when S - Cartan 2-forms is equal to zero
Here
D = d + W/\"
I wrote that also already.
"W = G + (-W) - connection 1-forms (structural fuctions of the local group T(4))
-W - Ricci torsion 1-forms
De=de - e/\W= S (A')"

I wrote that also, slightly different notation.

So far you have not done anything different from what I already did.

"Cartan structural equations of the local group T(4), when S - Cartan 2-forms is not equal to zero

You can see

Ricci torsion =/= Cartan torsion."

Yes, of course. I have all that trivially.

My VANISHING RIcci torsion 2-form is (my notation not identical to yours)

T = De = D(1 + B) = d(1 + B) + W/\(1 + B) = 0

i.e.

dB + W/\(1 + B) = 0

that I neatly invert BTW to get

W = -*[dB/\(1 - B)]

* = Hodge dual

This shows WHY the Ricci Spin-Connection has 2 indices, i.e.

W^a^b = -*[dB^a/\(1 - B)^b]

B is from locally gauging T4 to Diff(4)

Next locally gauge 6-parameter O(1,3) to get the compensating torsion 1-form connection with 2-indices S^a^b

D' = d + W/\ + S/
The Cartan torsion 2-form is then

T' = D'e = (d + W/\ + S/\)(1 + B)

= S/\(1 + B) =/= 0

However, I can also make other 2-forms.

R' = D'W = DW + S/\W = R + S/\W

with curvature-torsion coupling.

I will define this second torsion 2-form as

T" = D'S = (d + W/\ + S/\)S = dS + W/\S + S/\S

I POSIT the following ANSATZ for the dynamical field equations for the extended curvature-torsion theory

D'T' = 0 Bianchi identity I 3-form

D'R' = 0 Bianchi identity II 3-form

D'T" = 0 Bianchi identity III 3-form

G' = D'*W = *J(curvature source) 4-form source equation

O' = D'*S = *J(torsion source) 4-form source equation

Local curvature & torsion sources current density conservation laws are

D*J = 0

i.e. both 5-forms automatically vanish in 3 + 1 space-time

DG' = 0

DO' = 0

Note for comparison internal U(1) EM gauge field theory

A 1-form from local gauging of U(1) on a source field.

F = dA 2-form

dF = 0 Bianchi identity (AKA no magnetic monopoles + Faraday induction motors)

d*F = *J 3-form source eq (AKA Ampere's law + Gauss's law)

dd*F = d*J = 0 4-form

So notice that in the internal symmetry gauge theories the source and current conservation equations are 3-form and 4-form respectively.

THIS IS WHAT THREW ME OFF ORIGINALLY.

The Equivalence Principle CHANGES THINGS in this regard.

For space-time symmetry gauge theories the source equations are 4-form and the local current density conservation equations are 5-forms (automatically zero in 4D space-time).
Shipov wrote: "In the article " On the Generalization of the Notion of the Curvature of Riemann and spaces whit Torsion"
Cartan wrote about Teleparallelism with Ricci torsion: "Mechanically it corresponds to a medium of constant pressure and constant angular momentum." (It is true for homogeneous spaces with Teleparallelism . S.G.)
Using Teleparallelism I managed to connect many abnormal phenomena with Ricci torsion, instead of Cartan torsion which Richard, Hammond at all use.

Local rotational group O(1.3)

e(6) noncholonomic tetrad, which perform 6 - angular coordinares (parameters) of local rotationall group O(1.3)
W - generators of the local group O(1.3).

DW=dW-W/\W=R- dW -W/\W=0 (B)
- Cartan structural equations of the local group O(1.3), when R' - Cartan curvarute 2-forms is equal to zero (Teleparallelism )
Here
R - Riemann curvature plays a role of structural functions of the local group O(1.3)
DW=dW-W/\W=R- dW -W/\W=R' (B')

- Cartan structural equations of the local group O(1.3), when R' - Cartan curvarute 2-forms is not equal to zero."

I will think about what you say here later. I don't know instantly off-hand how to connect these formal points you raise with the physical interpretation. I am not sure if your "W" is same as my "W".

Do you mean in my notation

R' = D'W = DW + S/\W = R + S/\W = 0

I suppose that is what you mean by "TP" (Teleparallism)

In that case

R = - S/\W

That is the geodesic-deviation tidal curvature 2-form of 1915 GR is simply the negative of the exterior product of the torsion and spin connection 1-forms that come from locally gauging the entire 10-parameter Poincare group.

I suppose that is OK as a SPECIAL LIMITING CASE, but WHY DO IT?

I don't see any compelling physical reason to constrict the larger theory down to that sub-theory?

OK if you IMPOSE as an Ansatz

R' = 0

You certainly obey the Bianchi identity

D'R' = 0

Is there any effect of TP as R'= 0 on the source equations?

G' = D'*W = *J(curvature source) 4-form source equation

O' = D'*S = *J(torsion source) 4-form source equation

R' = D'W = 0

Does this tell us anything about

G' = D'*W = *J ?

I don't know instantly off hand.

Jack Sarfatti

The source equations must be

D'*W = *J(curvature)

D'*S = *J(torsion)

since both W & S are connection 1-forms? (they do not map to homogeneous tensors of course)

*W & *S are 3-forms

The source equations are 4-forms.

Robert Becker wrote:
7. Cartan Formalism - I think I follow your derivation below of the emergent gravity theory using this formalism a fair degree. The formalism and derivation do remind me of the Vargas Theory. He starts from the same point as you, with the important difference that he does not add in any fields like the Higgs B term. He also assumes Teleparalellism (TP) rather than vanishing Torsion. Another distinction is that he does not introduce gauge fields because he believes that the physics must unfold on the principal fiber bundle, not on the auxiliary bundles of gauge theory. But you both inevitably end up with Maxwell-like equations from your Theory. The Vargas equations are what I call geometric Einstein-Maxwell equations. From these equations come a geometric interpretation or analogy of the electromagnetic field. So,?Vargas ends up with geometrizing EM, while you produce an emergent gravitation. Now, what would the combination be...

Yes, there are probably interesting connections. I am only using two battle-tested physical ideas here.

1. Locally gauging EVERY almost every continuous symmetry group both internal and space-time.

2. Spontaneous breaking of symmetry. i.e. ground state (or vacuum) instability for critical values of control parameters.

I want to implement the equivalence principle by deriving gravity from the broken symmetry in the weak force in the standard model of leptons and quarks so as to have gravity and inertia two sides of the same coin. I think what Haisch and Puthoff et-al propose is too cheap, too incomplete. They have perhaps a small effect only.


It's straight-forward to generalize to Shipov's torsion field theory
using the Cartan forms that are local frame invariant automatically.