To appear in my book "Super Cosmos:"
Again Nick's book is an exciting read on the conventional technology and the Nazi history, but he stumbles seriously where knowledge of physics is really needed.
1. On the Aurora and the large triangular craft reported by NIDS near Area 51, Palmdale CA etc.
The Townsend-Brown effect is not "anti-gravity."
From basic physics a charged capacitor with equal and opposite electric charges on the two plates obeys Newton's 3rd law and there is no spontaneous acceleration of the capacitor's center of mass in a vacuum. This is in contrast to the ZPE "vacuum propeller" with /\zpf > 0 at the stern and equal and opposite /\zpf < 0 in the bow. Here, as shown by Herman Bondi in "negative matter propulsion" (review article by Robert Forward), there will be an acceleration of the center of mass. This is not a violation of Newton's third law, but is a consequence of it! Furthermore, one can metric engineer the exotic vacuum zero point field /\zpf in the fuselage of the saucer to fit Alcubierre's warp drive solution with zero g-force and effective faster-than-light travel even though the occupants inside the saucer are weightless like the astronauts in free float orbiting Earth with rockets off and no rotation about center of mass of the shuttle. This is real anti-gravity "acceleration field" (Paul Hill) "G-Engine" (George Trimble) breakthrough propulsion.
Now some kind of electrostatic charging may be used in Aurora for some purpose that has an advantage in flight through air. Perhaps some kind of MHD effect, but it is not zero g-force anti-gravity and it would not work in a vacuum.
Now to un-garble a key quote by Nick that appears at least twice.
"I ... found five possible pathways to antigravity: manipulating an object's mass and/or inertia; exploitation of the zero point energy field; perturbations of the space-time continuum; faster-than-light travel; and gravity shielding." p. 117
Let's take them one at a time:
1. manipulating an object's mass and/or inertia
This idea has been propounded by Puthoff & Co.
The idea is fundamentally confused as far as anti-gravity propulsion is concerned.
When one looks at Hal Puthoff's PV papers it becomes obvious that Hal waffles on some serious battle-tested ideas in mainstream physics.
1-1 Hal waffles on the principle of tensor covariance, i.e. that the map is not the territory - no intrinsic meaning to coordinates. Hal says tensors are not needed in his dielectric "engineering" model in which he uses the action of a point test particle from special relativity, but with a variable speed of light c' = c/K. He is not able to solve the problem of a rotating source with this scheme. That alone is enough to junk the model. However, he does write a SSS metric with goo = K^-1 and gxx = gyy = gzz = K = e^2GM/c^2r. Whether his g's obey a tensor law is not clear.
1-2 Hal is confused about the meaning of Einstein's equivalence principle. His model only works for asymptotically flat space times and he thinks the equivalence principle is nonlocal relating measurements at r --> infinity to those at finite r. Hal never considers the locality of the equivalence principle which connects instantaneously coincident inertial timelike geodesic LIF observers with non-inertial timelike non-geodesic LNIF observers BOTH at the same local event P, i.e. within a small neighborhood of P, small compared to the local radii of curvature of space-time. Mathematically this is the local tetrad map at P where LIF Alice's metric is that of special relativity nuv to a good approximation. Alice lives in the quasi-flat tangent space-time even though the 4th rank curvature tensor may not vanish in the LIF. LNIF Bob sees the curved metric guv. Bob's LNIF cousin Ray will see gu'v' where
gu'v' = Xu'^uXv'^vguv
You will find none of this battle-tested physics in any of Hal Puthoff's PV papers on metric engineering for interstellar flight. None of the NASA BPP managers seem to have enough basic physics understanding to have noticed this point either.
It's because Hal is confused on these basic ideas that he entertained the irrelevant idea of changing the inertia of the ship that Nick Cook alludes to above.
The idea is irrelevant because it shows a fundamental misunderstanding of Einstein's equivalence principle that the inertia completely cancels out of the problem in timelike geodesic motion with zero g-force and small tidal curvature force gradients. Indeed, even Galileo knew this in rudimentary form.
In terms of high school Newtonian physics:
Weight = W = Inertia x g-field of gravity = mg
W = mg
Any real anti-gravity propulsion leaves m alone, it merely changes g!
In fact it makes g = 0 even though the self-controlled timelike geodesic path of the saucer can make U turns that normally might look like 1000 g(surface of Earth) to the outside observer.
m will obey special relativity to the outside observer. Right now by "m" I mean what is felt on board the saucer. Think of "m" as the mass of an alien conscious AI "Gray" inside the saucer piloting it with its artificial brain micro-waves.
W = 0 for all objects inside the saucer when Nick Cook's "anti-gravity switch" is "ON."
m does not change at all!
Even if you could change m you do not want to do it because you then change e/m, and h/mc and you destroy the delicate balance of matter as explained by Sir Martin Rees in "Just Six Numbers", by Paul Davies in "Accidental Universe" and by John Barrow and Frank Tipler in "The Anthropic Cosmological Principle."
Michael Ibison tried to wipe some of the egg off Hal's face on this by writing to me that making m smaller would be an advantage in conventional rocket lifting. Ibison however took no account of what I just mentioned.
So even if you could change m, you do not want to do so because it would destroy the delicate metastability of all real matter! Also, you do not need to do it at all for real anti-gravity propulsion in the sense of George Trimble's "G-Engine" (1956) that Nick Cook is keen on and rightly so.
So trash (1) as a false lead and a very bad ill-conceived idea!
2. exploitation of the zero point energy field
Yes, that is the only idea that works. That is what my theory of the /\zpf field is all about.
The basic definition of the zero point energy field is my original equation not found in any previous physics paper or book by anyone from this Planet and this time:
/\zpf = (Quantum of Area)^-1[(Quantum of Volume)|Vacuum Coherence|^2 - 1]
The Quantum of Area and the Quantum of Volume come from Loop Quantum Gravity based on Roger Penrose's "spin networks" for Wheeler's "IT FROM BIT.'
The local zero point dark energy/matter stress tensor for exotic vacuum is
tuv(ZPE) = (Sakharov's Metric Elasticity)^-1/\zpfguv
Metric Elasticity = (String Tension)^-1
The ordinary "weightless vacuum" has /\zpf = 0 at the specified scale.
Experimentally
too(ZPE) ~ 10^-7 ergs/cc
e.g. "Measuring and Understanding the Universe" Rev. Mod. Phys. 75, Oct 2003, p. 1433 Freedman & Turner
This is an experimental measurement - a fact!
The scale here is that of the FLRW metric 10^2 - 10^4 megaparsecs
i.e. dark energy density Omega = 0.73 +- 0.04
Table I p. 1435
There are no measurements of the Planck scale. But if you make the guess that G(Newton) holds at all scales you get
too(ZPE) ~ 10^115 ergs/cc when Vacuum Coherence = 0
It is the vacuum coherence that solves the "Cosmological Constant Paradox," i.e. the 122 Powers of Ten discrepancy between these two numbers of 10^-7 ergs/cc and 10^115 ergs/cc.
3. perturbations of the space-time continuum
This is a mirage. I mean it is already included in 2. It is not a "linearly independent" basic idea. In other words it is redundant. Nick, in his ignorance of the physics, has made a false distinction. It is of the very essence of "metric engineering" to shape the space-time continuum to our will like Q in Star Trek! So it is with what M. Kaku calls "The Masters of Hyperspace" visiting us in their saucers like Gulliver visited the Lilliputans. ;-)
4. faster-than-light travel
This is a consequence of 2 as explained by Alcubierre. Aliens who get here in their flying saucers do it globally faster than light even though locally they are, in effect, standing still.
5. gravity shielding
Like 3 this is a redundant idea already included in 2.
Therefore, of Nick's 5 ideas above. The first is simply a bad idea that shows a deep misunderstanding of what Einstein's great idea is all about. 3 and 5 are false distinctions already included in 2, which is the correct idea. 4 is a consequence of 2. Therefore, of Nick's 5 ideas, only one is needed to understand George Trimble's "G-Engine."
Wednesday, April 14, 2004
Tuesday, April 13, 2004
Berkant, I address some of your questions toward the end below.
I have edited out a lot of stuff already in previous messages as this is very long.
Vladimir Poponin, from Moscow, did work with us at ISSO
in San Francisco 1999-2000. The core of the ISSO theory group was me, Saul-Paul Sirag,
Creon Levit and Vladimir Poponin.
On Apr 13, 2004, at 1:37 AM, SarfattiScienceSeminars@yahoogroups.com wrote:
There are 10 messages in this issue.
Topics in this digest:
1. 1-Dimensional Anharmonic FPU Lattice and Goldstone Modes (Spin Waves)
From: "Berkant"
2. Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling and Split of Electron
From: "Berkant"
3. Re: Dr Hal E Puthoff weighs in on Zero Point Energy for deep space travel!
From: Jack Sarfatti
4. Re: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers 2
From: Jack Sarfatti
5. Speculations Motivated by the Gravastar Scenario
From: "Berkant"
6. Re: Dr Hal E Puthoff weighs in on Zero Point Energy for deep space travel!
From: "Berkant"
7. Re: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers 3
From: Jack Sarfatti
8. Re: Higgs condensate origin of Einstein gravity
From: Jack Sarfatti
9. 4: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers
From: Jack Sarfatti
10. Gedanken spacecraft that operates using the quantum vacuum - 2012
From: "trixcleverspacealien"
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 1
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 12:20:19 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: 1-Dimensional Anharmonic FPU Lattice and Goldstone Modes (Spin Waves)
[Berkant]
I want to check Neil's assumptions...
but who can tell me when the following paper was published???
V.P. Poponin. Modeling of NLE dynamics in one dimensional anharmonic
FPU-lattice. Physics Letters A. (in press).
I think that there is nothing evident.. we only deal with different
interpretations... and this should be said explicitly... it is so
easy to mix facts and fictions and present them as facts as we can
see in this good example:
While Poponin suggested that the memory of the vacuum was evidence
of a "new subquantum field", I brought it up with Poponin that
these results could also imply that the "FPU lattice" of his
mathematical description could also imply subquantum particles as
the entities responsible for the memory of the vacuum. He agreed
with this notion. This notion of subquantum particles is
especially evident when one considers that the FPU lattice is
mathematically a loosely coupled collection of entites which act
as solitons, behaviorally. When we examine the constituent
elements of these "FPU solitons", in the light of subquantum
particles, then the evidence speaks for itself.
Note Antony Valentini's remark that sub-quantum non-equilibrium implies the all-important
"signal nonlocality" in violation of micro-quantum theory that is only valid in "sub-quantal heat death."
Signal-nonlocality is necessary, not sufficient, for consciousness both normal and paranormal.
That is no-signal nonlocality, AKA "signal locality" or "no-cloning," strictly forbids consciousness in any form.
BTW according to Nature, the fundamental unit of life is the DNA cell nucleus + nanotubes of microtubules, which support Frohlich's, I bet, longitudinal macro-quantum electric polarization modes from the caged IT single electrons whose Bohm pilot BIT field is the mind field or what Rupert calls the "morphogenetic field" whose essence must be "signal nonlocality" or "telepathy" in Einstein's "spooky" sense. Without it we are zombies in a voodoo world.
Nature 428, 25 March, 2004 p. 371
"Cell bodies in a cage"
"nanotubular intercellular bridges ... cell to cell connections ... complex networks of cytoplasmic continuity ..."
The primordial cell body is "the nucleus and a set of perinuclear radiating microtubules and can be regarded as the basic unit of eukaryotic life.."
Well there you have
IT FROM BIT + BIT FROM IT.
Frohlich did not know this recent biology and only knew about membranes supporting huge electric fields. His ideas apply here.
The human genome is only a "parts list" we need "signal nonlocality" in order to properly arrange the parts.
The human genome signal-to-noise ratio seems to be small only 10^-3.
We are more like worms and yeast cells than we care to admit if we only look at the "parts list."
[Berkant]
but the irony here is that some interpretations do not exclude each
other... so it is amazing that Neil in his "obsesssion"
for "subgroups of the matrix in n-dimensional FPU lattice" rejects
Goldstone modes (which are described as spin waves) and fails to see
the connections in the low energy limit...
let's look for Goldstone modes and 1-D anharmonic FPU lattices now:
---
Supersonic Discrete Kink-Solitons and Sinusoidal Patterns
with ¡°Magic¡± Wavenumber in Anharmonic Lattices
by Yuriy A. Kosevich, Ramaz Khomeriki, and Stefano Ruffo
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0303463
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cond-mat/pdf/0303/0303463.pdf
Abstract. ¨C The sharp pulse method is applied to Fermi-Pasta-Ulam
(FPU) and Lennard-Jones (LJ) anharmonic lattices. Numerical
simulations reveal the presence of high energy strongly
localized ¡°discrete¡± kink-solitons (DK), which move with supersonic
velocities that are proportional to kink amplitudes. For small
amplitudes, the DK¡¯s of the FPU lattice reduce to the well-
known ¡°continuous¡± kink-soliton solutions of the modified Korteweg-
de Vries equation. For high amplitudes, we obtain a consistent
description of these DK¡¯s in terms of approximate solutions of the
lattice equations that are obtained by restricting to a bounded
support in space exact solutions with sinusoidal pattern
characterized by the ¡°magic¡± wavenumber k = 2/3. Relative
displacement patterns, velocity versus amplitude, dispersion
relation and exponential tails found in numerical simulations are
shown to agree very well with analytical predictions, for both FPU
and LJ lattices.
...
Introduction. ¨C The interest in studying moving nonlinear localized
excitations (solitons, kink-solitons, etc.) is mainly motivated by
the fact that they can be related to transport properties. In this
respect, one dimensional lattices of anharmonic oscillators can
serve as a testing ground for nonlinear transport. In this Letter we
present numerical and analytical studies of the dynamical properties
of strongly localized excitations of anharmonic lattices with two-
body interparticle potentials [1]. Invariance under the symmetry
transformation that shifts the positions of all the oscillators by
the same amount relates anharmonic lattices with interparticle
couplings to a wide class of systems which share such continuous
symmetry, e.g. quasi-one dimensional easy plane ferromagnets and
antiferromagnets, ferrimagnetic systems with spiral structures and
even quantum Hall double layer pseudo-ferromagnets [2]. The
spontaneous breakdown of this translational symmetry leads to the
apperance of gapless GOLDSTONE MODES, which itself generates kink-
soliton solutions in the presence of nonlinearity. Anomalous
transport properties [3] could appear for all systems in this class.
...
The existence of these localized objects is possible because of the
peculiar symmetry un ¡รบ un + const of the interparticle potential.
Systems with such a symmetry have an infinitely degenerate ground
state and its spontaneous breakdown leads to the appearance of
gapless Goldstone modes that determine the formation of kinks.
---
[Berkant]
Let's look for more papers by Yuriy A. Kosevich, Ramaz Khomeriki,
and Stefano Ruffo... before we go on to Poponin references...
---
http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Khomeriki_R/0/1/0/all/0/1
-->
SEE:
Interaction of a Kink-Soliton with a Breather in a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam
Chain
Ramaz Khomeriki
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0112067
Solitons in polarized double layer quantum Hall systems
R. Khomeriki, M. Abolfath, K. Mullen
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0112177
A new manifestation of interlayer coherence in strongly polarized
double layer quantum Hall systems with total filling factor = 1 in
the presence of a small or zero tunneling is theoretically
predicted. It is shown that moving (for small tunneling) and
spatially localized (for zero tunneling) stable pseudospin solitons
develop which could be interpreted as mobile or static charge-density
excitations. The possibility of their experimental observation is
also discussed.
...
The main prediction5,6,7 of this model, the existence of the broken
symmetry Goldstone mode8, has been confirmed by the observation9 of
split of peaks in the tunneling conductance in the presence of in-
plane magnetic field.
8 H. A. Fertig, Phys. Rev. B, 40, 1087, (1989).
---
Goldstone mode kink-solitons in double layer quantum Hall systems
Ramaz Khomeriki, Kieran Mullen, Shota Revishvili
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0211336
It is shown that in charge unbalanced double layer quantum Hall
system with zero tunneling pseudospin Goldstone mode excitations
form moving kink-soliton in weakly nonlinear limit. This charge-
density localization moves with a velocity of gapless linear spin-
wave mode and could be easily observed experimentally. We claim that
mentioned Goldstone mode kink-solitons define diffusionless charge
transport properties in double layer quantum Hall systems.
...
The recent observation [1] of split-off peaks of tunneling
conductance versus in-plane magnetic field in double layer quantum
Hall systems with total Landau level filling factor v = 1 have been
naturally interpreted as ¡±footsteps¡± of linearly dispersing
pseudospin Goldstone mode [2]. Thus the correctness and efficiency
of field-theoretical approach according which the quantum Hall
double layer system could be described as easy-plane type (pseudo)
ferromagnet [3] was indirectly confirmed. The Goldstone mode appears
in systems with continuous symmetries as a result of spontaneous
symmetry breaking which in presence of nonlinearity leads to the
appearance of Goldstone mode kink-solitons [4]. The present paper is
devoted to the investigation of dynamical nonlinear properties of
the mentioned Goldstone mode in quantum Hall (pseudo)ferromagnets
Particularly, the existence of moving localized solutions is
predicted. As it is mentioned below such localizations could be
detected experimentally via observing counter propagating
inhomogeneous currents through the layers (see Fig. 1).
...
[2] H. A. Fertig, Phys. Rev. B, 40, 1087, (1989).
---
[Berkant]
Can we locate the publications of H. A. Fertig??
---
http://xxx.lanl.gov/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Fertig_H/0/1/0/all/0/1
very interesting topics... some of the following papers have
relevance to the work of Dr. Jack Sarfatti...
Theory of Photoluminescence from a Magnetic Field Induced Two-
dimensional Quantum Wigner Crystal
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9305006
Orientational Order and Depinning of the Disordered Electron Solid
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9402021
Collective Modes of Soliton-Lattice States in Double-Quantum-Well
Systems
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9411094
In strong perpendicular magnetic fields double-quantum-well systems
can sometimes occur in unusual broken symmetry states which have
interwell phase coherence in the absence of interwell hopping. When
hopping is present in such systems and the magnetic field is tilted
away from the normal to the quantum well planes, a related soliton-
lattice state can occur which has kinks in the dependence of the
relative phase between electrons in opposite layers on the
coordinate perpendicular to the in-plane component of the magnetic
field. In this article we evaluate the collective modes of this
soliton-lattice state in the generalized random-phase aproximation.
We find that, in addition to the Goldstone modes associated with the
broken translational symmetry of the soliton-lattice state, higher
energy collective modes occur which are closely related to the
Goldstone modes present in the spontaneously phase-coherent state.
We study the evolution of these collective modes as a function of
the strength of the in-plane magnetic field and comment on the
possibility of using the in-plane field to generate a finite wave
probe of the spontaneously phase-coherent state.
---
Electromagnetic absorption of a pinned Wigner crystal at finite
temperatures
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9905350
Symmetry of the Atomic Electron Density in Hartree, Hartree-Fock,
and Density Functional Theory
H.A. Fertig, W. Kohn
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9909127
Hamiltonian Theory of the Composite Fermion Wigner Crystal
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0104579
---
Deformation and Depinning of Superconducting Vortices from
Artificial Defects: A Ginzburg-Landau Study
D. J. Priour Jr, H. A. Fertig
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0209541
---
Deconfinement and Dissipation in Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling
H.A. Fertig, Joseph P. Straley
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0301128
The zero-bias tunneling resonance in quantum Hall bilayer systems is
investigated via numerical simulations of the classical two
dimensional XY model with a symmetry-breaking field. Disorder is
included in the model, and is shown to nucleate strings of
overturned spins proliferated through the system, with unpaired
vortices and antivortices at their endpoints. This string glass
state supports low energy excitations which lead to anomalously
large dissipation in tunneling, as observed in experiment. The e ect
of an in-plane magnetic field is discussed.
...
Introduction. Bilayer quantum Hall systems have attracted much
attention because, for small layer separations and vanishing
interlayer tunneling, they support states with spontaneous
interlayer coherence. This broke symmetry leads to a Goldstone mode
[1] which may be described as a spin wave in an XY ferromagnet [2].
If one introduces interlayer tunneling, the system may alternatively
be described as a large area Josephson junction.
...
The latter results suggest that a resonance should be seen at a
voltage corresponding to the Goldstone collective mode frequency...
...
---
[Berkant]
This last paper has relevance to the work of Dr. Jack Sarfatti...
I again give the links to papers dealing with n-dimensional Fermi-
Pasta-Ulam lattice:
Geometry and dynamics in Hamiltonian lattices
PhD thesis of Bob Wilhelmus Rink
http://www.math.uu.nl/people/rink/Thesis.pdf
or
http://www.ams.org/bull/1997-34-04/S0273-0979-97-00732-5/S0273-0979-
97-00732-5.pdf
Symmetric invariant manifolds in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice
Bob Rink
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/nlin/pdf/0209/0209054.pdf
THE SYMMETRIES OF SOLITONS
Richard S. Palais
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/dg-ga/pdf/9708/9708004.pdf
---
[Berkant]
But now to Poponin..
Pulse interaction in nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics
A. M. Ignatov, V. P. Poponin
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/0008021
...
Another interesting point is that for = 1 the increase in the
pulse amplitude results in delay in energy (and information)
exchange between distant points, that is, the solution described by
(11) is subluminal. This takes place for both the Heisenberg-Euler
electrodynamics, which is currently the only one of physical sence,
and for the elegant Born-Infeld theory, for which our results
are exact. However, for = −1 the pulse propagation would be
superluminal.
From the viewpoint of nonlinear physics, the electromagnetic pulses
in vacuum exhibit the soliton-like behavior: the collision results
in a phase shift but the form of a pulse remains unchanged. The main
interesting point with this respect is that unlike usual nonlinear
equations, the shape of the soliton is arbitrary.
---
Paper published in Quantum Electronics:
Stimulated scattering of electromagnetic waves by a relativistic
electron beam in a three-dimensional geometry (1999)
A R Karimov,a V P Poponin,a A A Rukhadze,b V A Shcheglov
http://www.turpion.org/links/32da74aa7c9645d531341c3681207d47_0.phtml
Laser Deposited Phthalocyanine- and Fullerene-Based Photovoltaic
Cells
A.I. Shevalevskii, V.P. Poponin, L.L. Larina
http://www.scientific.net/default.cfm?pg=1&issn=0255-5476&isbn=0-
87849-683-1
Subtle Connections:
Psi, Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
http://www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/1996/subtle.html
Torsion waves both superluminal and enduring. Meta- stable "torsion-
phantoms" generated by spin- torsion interaction can persist even in
the absence of the objects that generated them. The existence of
these phantoms has been confirmed in the experiments of Vladimir
Poponin and his team at the Institute of Biochemical Physics of the
Russian Academy of Sciences.[23](see P.P.Gariaev, K.V. Grigor'ev,
A.A. Vasil'ev, V.P. Poponin and V.A. Shcheglov, "Investigation of
the fluctuation dynamics of DNA solutions by laser correlation
spectro- scopy," in Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute No. 11-
12, 1999, pp. 23- 30; V.P. Poponin, "Modeling of NLE dynamics in
one dimensional anharmonic FPU- lattice", Physics Letters A .)
Poponin, who has since repeated the experiment at the Heartmath
Institute in the US, placed a sample of a DNA molecule into a
temperature controlled chamber and subjected it to a laser beam. He
found that the electromagnetic field around the chamber exhibits a
specific structure, more or less as expected. But he also found that
this structure persists long after the DNA itself has been removed
from the laser- irradiated chamber: the DNA's imprint in the field
continues to be present when the DNA is no longer there. Poponin and
his collaborators conclude that the experiment shows that a new
field structure has been triggered from the physical vacuum. This
field is extremely sensitive; it can be excited by a range of
energies close to zero. The phantom effect is a manifestation, they
claim, of a hitherto overlooked vacuum substructure.
---
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA REFERENCES
http://odin.mat.stevens-tech.edu/plasma/APP%20REFERENCES.pdf
Burtsev, V. A., A. A. Kondakov, V. P. Poponin, V. G. Smirnov, and V.
F. Shanskii, ¡°Heating of Molecular Gases in an Externally Maintained
Discharge," Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., Vol 23, No 4, pp 419-421, April,
1978.
---
Huh, Poponin work for
Black Hole Production in Particle Collisions and Higher Curvature
Gravity
http://xxx.arxiv.cornell.edu/PS_cache/hep-ph/pdf/0401/0401116.pdf
This results in a linear Poisson equation, which is readily solved.
In this way Ignatov and Poponin [39] obtained an exact solution of
the original Monge-Amp`ere equation (52) in an implicit form,...
...
[39] A. M. Ignatov and V. P. Poponin, ¡°Pulse interaction in
nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics,¡± arXiv:hep-th/0008021.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 2
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 12:31:03 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling and Split of Electron
I think this paper would interest you:
Deconfinement and Dissipation in Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling
H.A. Fertig, Joseph P. Straley
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0301128
The zero-bias tunneling resonance in quantum Hall bilayer systems is
investigated via numerical simulations of the classical two
dimensional XY model with a symmetry-breaking field. Disorder is
included in the model, and is shown to nucleate strings of
overturned spins proliferated through the system, with unpaired
vortices and antivortices at their endpoints. This string glass
state supports low energy excitations which lead to anomalously
large dissipation in tunneling, as observed in experiment. The e ect
of an in-plane magnetic field is discussed.
...
Introduction. Bilayer quantum Hall systems have attracted much
attention because, for small layer separations and vanishing
interlayer tunneling, they support states with spontaneous
interlayer coherence. This broke symmetry leads to a Goldstone mode
[1] which may be described as a spin wave in an XY ferromagnet [2].
If one introduces interlayer tunneling, the system may alternatively
be described as a large area Josephson junction.
...
The latter results suggest that a resonance should be seen at a
voltage corresponding to the Goldstone collective mode frequency...
...
What is this??
How to split the electron in one dimension
Eugene B. Kolomeisky, T. J. Newman, J. P. Straley
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0103174
Using the example of the Davydov soliton - a large acoustic polaron
in one dimension - we demonstrate that the electron wave function
can be fissioned in two or more long-lived, well-localized and
spatially arbitrarily far separated fragments. The phenomenon of
wave function splitting is a result of the electron-medium
interaction, and takes place under a variety of conditions provided
the initial wave function of the electron is localized and has at
least one node.
...
The idea of fissioning has been put forward by Maris in his analysis
of the physics of electron bubbles in superfluid helium [1]. It has
been known for years that an electron injected into liquid helium
can lower its energy by self-localizing in a 1s state inside a
spherical cavity from which helium atoms are expelled. Maris argues
that if the electron is optically excited from the 1s state to the
1p state, the pressure exerted by the electron in the excited state
will no longer support the spherical cavity – the bubble walls will
be set into motion, and the inertia of the liquid around the bubble
will suce to break the bubble into two smaller bubbles each
carrying half of the original wave function. Maris further argues
that the daughter bubbles will act in such a way as if they were
fractions of the original particle, and that the existence
of "fractional" bubbles explains a substantial amount of
otherwise unexplained experimental data.
---
Has this also relevance for exotic energy production systems??
Berkant
Jack wrote:
Modanese's work is interesting and relevant to the alleged
Podkletnov
effect described by Nick Cook
"The Hunt For Zero Point"
Modanese uses only first order perturbation theory and shows
that the
Landau-Ginzburg superconducting order parameter i.e.
<0|phi|0> ~ |BCS energy gap|^1/2 e^i(long-range coherent phase)
BCS energy gap for a single bound real electron-electron pair ~
|condensate pair wave function|^2
and shows that the superconductor giant quantum wave acts like
a
cosmological constant term in the Einstein-Hilbert action for
the
pure gravity field in vacuum only in the region of space-time
where
the superconducting giant quantum wave does not vanish
obviously.
Modanese, however, does not derive the Einstein-Hilbert action
from
another analogous giant vacuum wave the way I do in the sense
first
suggested by Andrei Sakharov in Moscow in 1967.
However, adding my vacuum coherence wave to Modanese's real
superconducting coherence wave gives a Josephson interferometer
analog effect, which I do think is the basic "metric
engineering"
effect that we seem to be seeing in the flying saucer data.
Jack Sarfatti wrote:
Actually Boylan's quote is a garbled version of what I wrote
describing a model of Giovanni Modanese's for how a real
superconductor wave will modify space-time geometry like in
the
alleged "Podkletnov effect."
"Then the Casimir effect was found to be a natural embodiment of
natural
principles," Puthoff said. "The [general] reaction was: 'OK, but it's a
small effect. It's never going to be useful for making energy' — just
like what was said about nuclear energy. So, we're now at the stage of
looking for the equivalent of Fermi's neutron-source catalyst —
something that ignites the ZPE process."
Hal fundamentally here does not understand what the problem is.
He is shining a light in the wrong part of the dark room as in the Sufi
Tale.
The basic equations needed for "metric engineering" of the exotic dark
energy/matter vacua are
Ruv - (1/2)Rguv + /\zpfguv = 0
/\zpf = (Quantum of Area)^-1[(Quantum of Area)^3/2|Vacuum Coherence|^2
- 1]
Ordinary non-exotic vacuum has /\zpf = 0
Where the total vacuum zero point energy density at a given scale is
Zero point energy density = (Super-String Tension)/\zpf
And the Hawking quantum gravity entropy S of a region of space of
volume V with boundary area A is
S = kA/4(Quantum of Area)
k = Boltzmann's constant
With the metric engineering "Josephson interferometer" effect
/\zpf(induced) = (Quantum of Area)^-1[(Quantum of Area)^3/2|Vacuum
Coherence + Superconductor Coherence|^2 - 1]
Control of the relative phase between the physical vacuum condensate
and the control superconductor condensate in their space-time regions
of common "overlap" support is the key to metric engineering.
But is harnessing ZPE feasible, and, if so, how soon? If the
expectations of cutting-edge scientists are any guide, a ZPE power
source…could be in sight.
"I'd say our confidence level [of a breakthrough] is 50% or better. We
have some ideas that we're exploring, but we're not ready to talk about
them," Puthoff hedged. "The big hurdle is finding an embodiment that
will permit scale-ups to useful levels of energy — finding the
catalyst for accelerating currently known processes. If our [research]
is successful, almost assuredly there'd be no problem with small units
— a few cubic centimeters of ZPE — providing enough energy to power
spaceships."
As to when a breakthrough might occur, "We're definitely not stumbling
around in the dark anymore," Puthoff continued. "It's been shown that
ZERO POINT ENERGY IS REAL and has REAL CONSEQUENCES. It's definitely a
technology that's NOT READY FOR PRIME TIME, but it's definitely READY
FOR SERIOUS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION."
Puthoff is right for the wrong reasons. The Casimir force is the wrong
reason. It is
Fool's Gold. The right reason is the "dark energy" from Type 1a
supernovae data
found first ~ 1999. The article is strangely silent on the The Right
Stuff.
Message: 5
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 18:45:03 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: Speculations Motivated by the Gravastar Scenario
Emergent Gauge Bosons
James Bjorken (SLAC)
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0111196
The old idea that the photon is a Goldstone boson emergent from a
spontaneously broken theory of interacting fermions is revisited. It
is conjectured that the gauge-potential condensate has a vacuum
expectation value which is very large, perhaps the GUT/Planck
momentum scale, but that the magnitude of the effective potential
which generates it is very small, so small that in the limit of
vanishing cosmological constant it would vanish. In this way, the
threat of unacceptably large observable, noncovariant residual
effects is mitigated. The linkage of these ideas to other
speculative ideas involving black holes and parametrizations of
Standard-Model coupling constants is also described.
...
Recently I have played with the notion of relating Standard Model
parameters to gravitational parameters [3], and this has prompted me
to revisit the old Goldstone-photon ideas again. What follows will
be a status report on what I have found out. In the next section I
will sketch out a modernized version of ancient work on Goldstone
photons. Section 3 contains the speculations regarding Standard
Model parameters, and how those ideas mesh with the Goldstone-photon
description.
...
Shortly after the work of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio [5] on
the "Goldstone pion", I explored whether their method might be
applicable to the description of the photon as a Goldstone mode.
...
There must be quartic, and possibly higher, terms in V (A) as well,
in order to generate the familiar Mexican hat structure of the
potential and induce spontaneous symmetry breaking.
...
The second guess is that the relation of the Higgs condensate value
hvi to the gravitational parameters is, up to coecients which may
contain the above large logarithm, just the geometric mean of the
cosmological-constant and Planck/GUT scales
...
It is very unlikely that such simple-minded relations should exist.
But if the chance is nonvanishing, then it is extremely attractive
to pursue the idea further, because it is most likely that the
relations will only hold if the underlying dynamics at and above the
electroweak scale is austere and simple, instead of being the very
rich and complicated scenario more typically presumed to be the
case. The most viable option for simplicity is something like
the "desert" scenario, with little if any new physics this side of
the short distance frontier at the GUT/Planck scales.
...
And the electroweak gauge bosons, as well as the QCD gluons, deserve
a similar Goldstone treatment, and the details of their emergence
will certainly interact with those of the Goldstone photon, leading
to textures in spacetime and in momentum space of greater richness
and complexity.
...
6 Outlook
!!!
These considerations are not worth much unless the underlying
physics, if any, of the spontaneous breakdown is delineated. I
personally am attracted to the ideas of Volovik [13], which of
course rely on earlier work of Holger Bech in a major way.
Particularly attractive is the argument for a nearly vanishing
cosmological constant: if the vacuum is analogous to a droplet of
quantum liquid in equilibrium at very low temperature, the pressure
vanishes, up to boundary-surface corrections. Vanishing vacuum
pressure is the same statement as vanishing cosmological constant.
This simple argument in my mind creates a new setting of the
cosmological-constant problem:
it becomes the understanding of Standard Model particles as
collective excitations of this purported quantum liquid.
The original problem does not go away, but is restated in terms of
why the collective modes of such a quantum liquid so faithfully
respect gauge invariance and Lorentz covariance, as well as general
covariance for the emergent graviton. Very important in the Volovik
viewpoint is the structure and topology of momentum space. It may be
there that we may nd the textures needed for understanding the
existence of not just the Goldstone photon but of all twelve
Goldstone gauge bosons.
...
The problem of the graviton as an emergent degree of freedom must
also be addressed. It presumably must be faced at a more fundamental
level, e.g. higher energy scale, than the gauge sector. There
probably needs to be a condensate associated with it as well. If one
does not choose to invent new degrees of freedom, about the only
possibility seems to be to somehow exploit the right-handed, gauge-
singlet, Majorana neutrino condensates present in the see-saw
mechanism of neutrino mass generation.
Yes, all good stuff.
Note that my Goldstone mode is a spin 1 "graviphoton"
whose vacuum expectation value forms the Cartan tetrad
or mobile frame that is the Kleinert "world crystal lattice"
distortion field whose elastic strain tensor is Einstein's "spin 2"
guv(curved space-time) - (Minkowski flat)uv
Virtual electron-positron spin singlets in a bound D state have J = 2.
So do virtual electron-positron spin triplets in a bound P state have J = 2 as well as J = 1 and J = 0 as similar to He III phases?
Note that a virtual electron-positron pair is also a virtual electric dipole in Frohlich's sense.
---------
!!!
Cosmology and the Standard Model
James D. Bjorken
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0210202
We consider the properties of an ensemble of universes as function
of size, where size is defined in terms of the asymptotic value of
the Hubble constant (or, equivalently, the value of the cosmological
constant). We assume that standard model parameters depend upon size
in a manner that we have previously suggested, and provide
additional motivation for that choice. Given these assumptions, it
follows that universes with different sizes will have different
physical properties, and we estimate, very roughly, that only if a
universe has a size within a factor of a SQUARE ROOT OF TWO or so of
our own will it support life as we know it. We discuss implications
of this picture for some of the basic problems of cosmology and
particle physics, as well as the difficulties this point of view
creates.
...
Our universe seems, according to the present-day evidence, to be
spatially at and to possess a nonvanishing cosmological constant
[1]. These features, while not yet rock-solid experimentally, are
hardly what would have been anticipated by the founding fathers of
cosmology. The cosmological constant in particular is, for
cosmologists and general relativists, the Great Mistake. And for
elementary particle physicists it is the Great Embarrassment. It is
fair to say that each school would just as soon see it go away. But
in this paper we assume that it will not do so, and that the present
evidence will prevail.
...
In this paper we shall be considering an ensemble of universes
similar to our own but with different intrinsic sizes R1.z The
ambivalence between the elementary particle view of the cosmological
constant as vacuum energy/pressure and the cosmological view of it
as a size parameter for the universe is sharpened by looking at it
from this viewpoint.
...
To really understand the vacuum state is one of the most important
goals of fundamental theory, and it is often presumed that one must
go to unified theories, such as string theory, to attain true
enlightenment. But this would imply that, for the vacuum state, the
cosmological degrees of freedom talk to the elementary particle
degrees of freedom such as quark/gluon or Higgs in an essential way.
This point of view is reinforced by the fact that the dark-energy
term in the action is formally renormalized by the quantum
corrections contributed by all the other terms in the action.
If there is an interconnection between dark energy and QCD vacuum
fluctuations, we might suspect that interesting things occur when the
cosmological vacuum energy scale and the QCD vacuum energy scale
become comparable.
...
In particular we may assume that our universe is one member of a
multiverse, with the remaining members causally disconnected from
us, as discussed extensively by Rees [3] and others [4].
...
Is our existence improbable, in the sense that the parameters
characterizing Planet Earth are very finely tuned? The simplest
answer is that if life as we know it exists elsewhere in the
universe, i.e. there is a sufficiently large population of planets
to allow the replication of conditions found on Earth, no fine
tuning is required. The jury is still out with respect to what that
answer is [5].
...
There is an even more specificc and speculative scenario which can
be entertained and which is discussed in Section 5. It is a
reductionist version of evolutionary cosmology as envisaged by
Smolin [6], utilizing a speculative model of black hole interiors
dubbed gravastars by Mazur and Mottola [7, 8]. In this scenario, the
interiors of mature black holes are nonsingular and described by the
aforementioned static DeSitter metric which characterizes the future
of our own universe. This strongly suggests a cosmology of nested
black holes. The interiors of the black holes in our universe
comprise daughter universes, within which there are granddaughter
black-hole universes, etc. Going in the opposite direction, we may
surmise that our universe consists of the interior of a black hole
existing in a mother universe, which in turn is embedded within a
grandmother universe, etc. An important issue in this picture of
cosmology is the determination of the various species of daughter
universes (supermassive galactic-center black holes, stellar-
collapse black holes, ...) and their size distribution relative to
the size of the parent.
...
We will try to estimate these parameters from data and astrophysical
theory, and then try to estimate, for example, the number of sister
universes there are in the multiverse, and thereby to re-examine
questions posed above, such as estimating the number of planets,
galaxies, and/or universes within the multiverse which might support
life as we know it.
...
By now we have clearly entered a highly speculative level. Indeed we
have organized this note such that at the beginning of each new
section readers making it to that point can become dismissive and
bail out. But in the hope that there is at least one person left
reading this paragraph, we continue on.
...
Why all this speculation? From the point of view of this writer, it
is motivated by the gravastar scenario, and the related ideas of
emergent gravity and emergent standard model, as advocated by
Volovik [9] and others [10]. The vacuum is visualized as similar to
a quantum liquid such as helium at low temperatures. In
the "gravastar" scenario, the blackhole universes are droplets of
the quantum liquid, with order parameters which depend on the size
of the droplet. The cosmological constant is small because in the
ground state of the liquid droplet the pressure (which is measured by
the cosmological constant!) vanishes, up to surface corrections.
...
We now return to consideration of other standard-model parameters
with dimension of mass, starting with the masses of top quark, Higgs
bosons, and electroweak gauge bosons, all of which have a mass
formula of the form m = gv where g stands for a generic
dimensionless coupling constant.
...
In other words, if the radius of a universe in our ensemble of
universes is within roughly a factor sqrt(2) of ours, the standard
model parameters are close enough to our own not to upset the
conditions necessary for existence of life in that universe.
...
This picture is ready-made for the cosmological setting in which we
find ourselves: not only does our universe contain a large number
of "daughter" black-hole fluid droplets, but our universe itself can
be considered the interior of a much bigger droplet, which
presumably exists, along with many other "sister" droplets, in a much
larger "mother" universe. From this starting point, one easily sees
that a genealogy can be defined. The properties of mother and
daughter universes will depend upon how different in size they are
from our own, and how differently the physics works at those size
scales.
It is easiest and most direct to first consider the daughter
universes, because there are some data. There are at least two kinds
of daughters|the supermassive, galactic black holes, of horizon size
roughly 15 orders of magnitude smaller than the size of our
universe, and the stellar-size black holes which are six to eight
orders of magnitude smaller still. Despite the greater uncertainty
in the underlying astrophysics, we specialize to the former because
they are closest to us in size.
...
It seems very unreasonable to assume a large number of "ancestor"
generations, unless the primordial density fluctuations were to
increase is magnitude with R. However, intuitively we would if
anything expect the opposite to occur.
...
Since the size distribution of sister universes span a few factors
ten, the fraction with size close enough to our universe to in
principle support life as we know it will be a few powers of ten
less than the total population of sisters. This means that the
total number of universes in such a nested-black-hole multiverse
which could support life as we know it is bounded above by ten to a
small power. It follows that the overall number of planets in the
multiverse that are candidates for habitable environments is
not all that different (on a logarithmic scale) from the number in
our own universe.
...
4. What is the microscopic physics underlying the emergence scenario?
This question remains unanswered. Necessary conditions are that the
gauge bosons of the standard model, as well as the graviton, should
be considered collective modes of the presumed "quantum liquid"
vacuum. They quite likely should be all considered GOLDSTONE MODES
[2, 30] associated with various kinds of spontaneous symmetry
breakdown. The pattern of internal symmetries, especially in the
fermion representations, must be an essential clue.
...
[9] G. Volovik, Phys. Repts. 351, 58 (201), gr-qc/000509; \The
Universe in a Helium Droplet" (Oxford University Press, to be
published).
...
[24] M. Duff, hep-th/0208093; M. Duff, L. Okun, and G. Veneziano,
JHEP0203, 023 (2002), physics/0110060.
...
[30] P. Kraus and E. Tomboulis, hep-th/0203221.
Photons and Gravitons as Goldstone Bosons, and the Cosmological
Constant
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0203221
Yes, very relevant work that did not influence my own version.
---------
Superfluid analogies of cosmological phenomena
G.E. Volovik
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0005091
What can the quantum liquid say on the brane black hole, the entropy
of extremal black hole and the vacuum energy?
G.E. Volovik
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0301043
Dark matter from SU(4) model
G.E. Volovik
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0310006
The left-right symmetric Pati-Salam model of the unification of
quarks and leptons is based on SU(4) and SU(2)xSU(2) groups. These
groups are naturally extended to include the classification of
families of quarks and leptons. We assume that the family group (the
group which unites the families) is also the SU(4) group. The
properties of the 4-th generation of fermions are the same as that
of the ordinary-matter fermions in first three generations except
for the family charge of the SU(4)_F group: F=(1/3,1/3,1/3,-1),
where F=1/3 for fermions of ordinary matter and F=-1 for the 4-th
generation. The difference in F does not allow the mixing between
ordinary and fourth-generation fermions. Because of the conservation
of the F charge, the creation of baryons and leptons in the process
of electroweak baryogenesis must be accompanied by the creation of
fermions of the 4-th generation. As a result the excess n_B of
baryons over antibaryons leads to the excess n_{\nu 4}=N-\bar N=n_B
of neutrinos over antineutrinos in the 4-th generation. This massive
fourth-generation neutrino may form the non-baryonic dark matter. In
principle their mass density n_{\nu 4}m_N in the Universe can give
the main contribution to the dark matter, since the lower bound on
neutrino mass m_N from the data on decay of the Z-bosons is m_N >
m_Z/2. The straightforward prediction of this model leads to the
amount of cold dark matter relative to baryons, which is an order of
magnitude bigger than allowed by observations. This inconsistency
may be avoided by non-conservation of the F-charge.
---------
Quantum Gravity via Random Triangulations of R^4 and Gravitons as
Goldstone Bosons of SL(4)/O(4)
Yigal Shamir
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9410120
...
Understanding four-dimensional Quantum Gravity ranks among the most
important open problems in current theoretical physics.
...
The situation is different in the DT approach to four dimensional
Quantum Gravity [4, 5]. Numerical simulations based on a discretized
version of the Einstein-Hilbert action indicate the possibility of a
phase transition between a "branched polymer" phase and a "crumpled"
phase [4, 5, 6].
...
General Relativity is a theory with a local spacetime symmetry
group. It is well-known that general coordinate invariance is badly
broken by any discretization of spacetime. The solution to this
problem offered by the DT approach, is to pick a single
representative for each microscopic metric in the form of an
abstract triangulation.
...
What distinguishes four dimensional gravity from gravity in any
lower dimension, is the existence of a massless spin two particle
associated with the gravitational interaction – the graviton.
...
On a formal level, one can invoke the Goldstone theorem1 to argue
that there should exist massless excitations associated with the
generators in the coset space GL(4)/O(4). We comment that the broken
generators associated with physical spin two gravitons actually
belong to SL(4)/O(4). The extra invariance under global scale
transformations is therefore unnecessary for this reasoning.
...
Earlier attempts to relate the masslessness of gauge particles,
namely, the photon or the graviton, to the Goldstone theorem were
made in refs. [11, 12]
...
Maison and Reeh [14] proved long ago that Goldstone bosons with non-
zero spin cannot exist in a local, Lorentz covariant theory with a
positive norm Hilbert space. Therefore, when we analytically
continue back to Minkowski space, we should expect to obtain in the
long distance limit a gauge fixed version of General Relativity.
The implication of the Maison-Reeh theorem is that we are facing the
familiar choice between a manifestly Lorentz covariant formulation
and a manifestly unitary one. The model defined in this paper is
manifestly covariant, but it lacks reflection positivity. In this
formulation, the model cannot contain the physical graviton and be
manifestly unitary at the same time. Hence, its validity depends
ultimately on one's ability to construct a consistent set of
physical observables. At the moment, the term "Goldstone boson" as
used in this paper should be understood in a loose sense, namely, as
implying only that the Fourier transform of the appropriate
euclidean correlators has a zero momentum singularity.
...
The SL(4) Ward identities constitute the link between the dynamical
properties of the discretized model and the desired continuum limit.
What we need is that a stable microscopic scale, defined by the
dominant link length, will exist in the infinite volume limit. If
this condition is satisfied, we expect to obtain a translation
invariant phase where SL(4) is broken down to O(4). The unique
ground state of this phase should be flat space, and the existence
of massless spin two excitations can be regarded as a consequence of
the Goldstone theorem.
...
If gravitons are Goldstone bosons, then it should be possible to
derive the associated low energy theorems, and these low energy
theorems should provide an opportunity to compare the predictions of
the model with those of General Relativity. However, as we already
explained in the introduction, carrying out this program involves
very delicate issues.
...
The existence of physical spin two Goldstone bosons can then be
attributed to the spontaneous breakdown of SL(3) to O(3). In this
formulation one should prove the recovery of full Lorentz covariance
in the low energy limit.
[11] J. D. Bjorken, Ann. Phys. 24, (1963) 174.
[12] P. R. Phyllips, Phys. Rev. 146 (1965) 966. H. C. Ohanian, Phys.
Rev. 184 (1969) 1305.
---------
http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v184/i5/p1305_1
Gravitons as Goldstone Bosons
Hans C. Ohanian
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12181
Received 3 April 1969
A Lagrangian model is constructed in which gravitons appear as
Goldstone bosons associated with a breaking of Lorentz symmetry. It
is assumed that a fermion field interacts with itself by a tensor-
tensor coupling. The invariance of the vacuum state under Lorentz
transformations is violated by assigning a nonzero vacuum
expectation value to the tensor. Interactions between the fermions
and this nonzero vacuum tensor are treated by a Hartree-Fock
procedure; other interactions are treated by perturbation theory.
The divergent integrals that appear are handled by a cutoff whose
magnitude, expressed as a length, is of the order of 10-33 cm. When
the S matrix for fermion-fermion scattering is calculated in first
approximation, "gravitons" make their appearance as poles at
momentum transfer k2=0. These gravitons also appear as solutions of
the Bethe-Salpeter equation for bound fermion-antifermion states.
The model reproduces the results of the linear approximation to
gravitational theory.
---------
!!!
More about cold quark-gluon plasma in superconductors:
Quark scattering at QGP/2SC interface
M. Sadzikowski (MIT, LNS & Cracow, INP)
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0201212
We considered the phenomenon of the Andreev reflection of quarks at
the interface between the cold quark-gluon plasma phase and 2SC
color superconductor.
...
The very interesting phenomenon arises at the junction between a
normal-metal and a superconductor. The reflection of a conduction
electron from the superconducting barrier, first elaborated in the
paper [1], is known in the literature as the Andreev reflection. It
was shown that the excitation in the normal metal outgoing from the
reflection point has the sign of the momentum, the sign of the
charge, and the sign of the effective mass opposite to that of the
incoming electron (hole quantum numbers). This peculiar prediction
was checked by tunneling experiments and ballistic (direct)
observations [2]. In this letter we raise the interesting question
of the interaction between the phase containing the free quarks (QGP)
and the color-superconductor (CS). We shall show that the free
quarks from the QGP phase falling at the CS barrier are reflected in
the similar fashion as was described by Andreev in [1].
In the next section we develop the Bogolubov - de Gennes equations
for superconducting phase. The third section contains the detailed
discussion of the Andreev reflection. In the last chapter we make
some comments about the influence of the Andreev reflection on the
phenomena that can take place inside the Neutron Stars.
...
Let us consider the simple physical problem of the quark scattering
on the superconducting plane surface placed at
z=0 in space.
...
In this paper we describe the phenomena of Andreev reflection at the
junction between the cold quark-gluon plasma and superconducting 2SC
phase. We found that the hole of di erent flavor and color than the
incoming particle is reflected toward the QGP phase.
see also:
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0201223
http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0203011
Neutrino processes in the $K^0$ condensed phase of color flavor
locked quark matter
Sanjay Reddy, Mariusz Sadzikowski, Motoi Tachibana
http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0306015
We study weak interactions involving Goldstone bosons in the neutral
kaon condensed phase of color flavor locked quark matter. We
calculate the rates for the dominant processes that contribute to
the neutrino mean free p ath and to neutrino production. A light
$K^+$ state, with a mass $\tilde{m}_{K^+} \propto (\Delta/\mu)
(\Delta/m_s)(m_d-m_u)$, where $\mu$ and $\Delta$ are the quark
chemical potential and superconducting gap respectively, is shown to
play an important role. We identify unique characteristics of weak
interaction rates in this novel phase and discuss how they might
influence neutrino emission in core collapse supernova and neutron
stars.
---------
Evaporation of the gluon condensate: a model for pure gauge SU(3)c
phase transition (Quasi-Free Gluons)
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0112282
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 6
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 20:30:07 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: Re: Dr Hal E Puthoff weighs in on Zero Point Energy for deep space travel!
Through private funding, Puthoff and his team have secured
patents
based
on converting ZPE to "miniature ball lightning — micron-size
lightning
— using a very small traveling wave tube," he said. "It appeared
to
demonstrate the principle [of ZPE extraction], but we were never
successful in scaling it up to useful levels. We're now working
on
various engineering embodiments to do that, but we're not there
yet."
This is a false lead and will never work in my opinion. I hope I
am
wrong of course.
This is the traveling wave tube invented by Ken Shoulders...
the paper talks about dark solitons etc.
Do you think it will never work or do you think that you would
explain it differently when it should work??
Berkant
Any charge cluster device depending only on weak VDW Casimir forces will never scale up to anything important
for NASA BPP as a matter of principle.
Dr. Ron Pandolfi thinks charge clusters in Puthoff's sense and Ken Shoulders' sense are only charged droplets of some kind (Hg?)
If Ron is wrong, if they are ~ 10^11 electrons then they must be glued together by my /\zpf < 0 positive zero point pressure "dark matter" field like single electrons are and like the stars in our galaxy are.
However, we do not know yet what these charge clusters really are it appears.
______________________________________________________________________
Message: 7
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 14:40:27 -0700
From: Jack Sarfatti
Subject: Re: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers 3
17. Trapped magnetic flux in stringy vortices in Type II phase where
(penetration depth/coherence length) > (square root of 2)^-1 (11)
is quantized in units hc/2e in the sense that Josephson interferometer
tunneling supercurrent potential effects vary as cosine [2pi (enclosed
Bohm-Aharonov magnetic flux)/(hc/2e)]
where js ~ sin(2piflux/quantum of flux)
18. I predict a similar effect in the metric engineering the fabric of
space-time geometry where starting from a weightless non-exotic vacuum
baseline
/\zpf(induced exotic vacuum in Chiao overlap region) ~ 2(Quantum of
Area)^1/2|Vacuum Coherence||Superconductor Coherence|cosine[2pi Sum of
(enclosed flux i/quantum of flux i)] (12)
Note that
/\zpf > 0 is a strong anti-gravity field (12a)
/\zpf < 0 is a strong gravity field (12b)
neither limited by G(Newton).
As shown by Herman Bondi in his "negative matter propulsion" and later
by Alcubierre, appropriate field configurations of both signs of /\zpf
will make a weightless warp drive i.e. "acceleration field" of Paul
Hill equivalent to the "G-Engine" of George Trimble described by Nick
Cook in "The Hunt For Zero Point."
There is no connection to the Casimir force here, which is a weak Van
Der Waals force that does not at all tap the vacuum energy reserve. The
zero point energy in the Casimir force is simply a catalyst to possibly
tap the small electric Van Der Waals electrical potential energy.
19. Gorkov in Moscow in 1959 associated the k-dependent energy gap with
the Landau-Ginzburg order parameter Psi or giant macro-quantum ground
state wave. We have two forms that must be proportional
London form:
Psi ~ (Condensate density)^1/2e^i(long-range coherent "rigid" phase)
(13a)
Gorkov form:
Psi(k) ~ (Energy Gap (k))^1/2e^iphase (13b)
20. Superconducting effects also found in large atomic nuclei in 1958
(A. Bohr), e.g. softening of rigid moment of inertia in rotating nuclei
as analog to Meissner effect. Note that a magnetic field is similar to
a vortex field in hydrodynamics.
21. He III superconductivity with triplet spin pairing in the L = 1
p-state.
This is more like my emergent gravity theory because
I. it is electrically neutral
II. J = L + S = 1 + 1 = 2, 1, 0 quantum rules for adding angular
momenta
Note J = 2 and J = 0 tensor and scalar 'graviton' states.
See also G.E. Volovik's recent book from Russia
"The Universe in a Helium Droplet"
My ideas were done before I saw Volovik's work, which has overlap with
my own on emergent gravity.
My electrically neutral virtual electron-positron pair condensate
should also be spin-triplet P state and also
spin singlet D state which only has J = 2.
22. Density of real quasi-particle excitations in the ground state is
random normal fluid.
Similarly the density of virtual quasi-particles inside the physical
vacuum are the random zero point vacuum fluctuations.
* The important new idea here is that the vacuum coherence is a
superfluid reservoir source and sink for these random zero point
virtual quasi-particles and this essentially explains the paradox of
the cosmological constant problem where the completely random value of
the cosmological constant (c^4/8piG) /\ in the large-scale structure of
the universe is off by 122 powers of ten, i.e random 10^115 ergs per cc
vs actually measured 10^-7 ergs/cc of residual zero point w =
pressure/(energy density) = -1 "dark energy" comparable to the critical
density needed to make 3D space flat on the large scale > 10^26 cm to
10^28 cm ~ c/Ho.
23. Arrow of time easily explained as an effect of the expansion of the
universe
i.e. Thermodynamic entropy of universe ~ kB(c/H(t))^2/4(Quantum of Area)
kB = Boltzmann's constant
typo-corrected below:
On Apr 12, 2004, at 9:37 AM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
14. 1957 non-perturbative BCS microscopic -> macroscopic ground state
instability from normal metal to superconductor (all "real" i.e.
"on-mass-shell" electron pairs).
15. One can never get Einstein's gravity in the virtual case of
electron-positron pair vacuum condensate, nor superconductivity in the
real case of on-mass-shell electron pairs in a macroscopically
occupied bound state.
16. Discovery of isotope effect in 1950 that normal to
superconductivity threshold critical temperature
Tc ~ (ionic mass)^-1/2
prompted H. Frohlich to show how electron-lattice coupling could lead
to an electron pair bound state overcoming Coulomb repulsion barrier.
However Frohlich did not get beyond perturbation theory, i.e. trapped
in micro-quantum regime. His student Shafroth in 1958 showed in more
detail why perturbation theory breaks down in "More is different"
emergence of qualitatively new physics not seen in the substratum. BCS
had already done their model by then.
Bardeen in 1955 realized the need for the energy gap in the
quasi-particle excitations above the superconducting ground state.
The normal metal correlation energy is 1 ev per electron, but the free
energy difference between the normal metal and superconducting phases
is only 10^-6 ev per electron.
Landau's "Fermi liquid" theory came to the rescue.
Cooper 1956 found that a bound state condensate forms no matter how
weak the net attraction between the electrons in a single pair is. The
pair is a boson in its center of mass motion, which is where the
macro-quantum condensate forms. That particular dynamical degree of
freedom is immune to environnmental decoherence by "phase rigidity" or
"long-range coherence", which in other applications of the same
general idea corresponds to Ed Witten's "string tension" and the dual
loop gravity quantum of area in the holographic universe.
Schrieffer in 1957 wrote the key toy model "pair Hamiltonian" in
second-quantized notation for the creation bk* and destruction bk' of
the electron pairs in momentum hk space using the globally flat
space-time Fourier transform.
The effective superconducting "attractive" coupling ~ sum over k and
k' of Vkk'bk*bk'
There is also a normal Landau fermi liquid metal single-quasi particle
term ~ eknk in the Hamiltonian that vanishes in the ground state where
there are no Landau liquid quasi-particles.
There is a large overlap of pair wave functions, which, because of
Pauli exclusion, is not good for macro-occupation. Nevertheless this
obstacle was not crucial.
The Hamiltonian determines the time-evolution of the dynamical system.
Schrieffer constructed the needed ground state pair macro-quantum
ground state wave
Psi = Product over wave numbers k (uk + vkb*k)|0> (5)
where |0> is the normal metal unpaired ground state
b*k creates a back-to-back EPR correlated electron-electron pair in
orbital s-wave (L = 0) the spin singlet (anti-parallel spins)
with Born probability |vk|^2
|uk|^2 + |vk|^2 = 1 conservation of probability (6)
Variational principle provides the non-perturbative math technique to
get the "More is different" emergence of new collective order to find
the lower energy "true vacuum" (essentially same idea as in chaotic
inflationary cosmology with gravity and dark energy/matter emergent).
The self-consistent constraint is on the Fourier k-transform of the
energy gap for the quasi-particle excitations of the superconducting
ground state (e.g real lepto-quarks in the emergent gravity problem)
(Gap)k = Sum over k'Vkk'(Gap)k'/2Ek' (7)
with probability of pair creation
|vk|^2 = (1/2)[1 - ek/Ek) (8)
ek is the normal metal quasi-particle excitation energy relative to
the chemical potential.
Ek is the superconducting metal quasi-particle excitation energy above
the superconducting ground state whose "on-mass-shell" propagator pole
constraint is
(Ek)^2 = (ek)^2 + (Gapk)^2 (9)
which looks a bit like we are getting special relativity out of
Galilean relativity if (Gap)k is insensitive to k and if the initial
normal metal elementary excitations was massless. What we have here is
the first "Higgs mechanism" for the origin of inertia where the Gap is
the rest mass.
Note that the Haisch-Rueda-Puthoff approach to this same problem is
ill-posed in my opinion and is another false lead. Nambu investigated
this many years ago.
The bound state energy of a single pair obeys the nonanalytic
nonperturbative relation
Gap ~ Bound state energy of pair ~ kTc ~ hbar(Debye lattice
frequency)e^-1/(Density of single-electron states at Fermi surface of
normal metal)(pair interaction energy) (10)
Note that in the quantum gravity case
hbar(Debye frequency of spin network lattice) ~ 10^19 Gev perhaps,
i.e. -> 10^115 ergs/cc Planck random zero point energy density when
vacuum coherence = 0 and Gap energy ~ lepto-quark mass ~ 1 mev.
Baryon mass of 1Gev from confined zero point bag energy in sense of
"QED Lite".
to be continued
On Apr 11, 2004, at 10:23 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
OK first a brief history of superconductivity (RMP, 1999 Schreiffer &
Tinkham)
1. Discovered in 1911 by H. Kamerlingh Onnes in Leiden 3 years after
he liquified helium.
Electrical resistance of lead, mercury, tin and aluminium disappeared
completely in a narrow
temperature range at a critical temperature Tc near absolute zero.
2. Meissner & Ochsenfeld (1933) perfect diamagnetism i.e. expulsion
of magnetic flux from bulk of the superconductor.
3. F. and H. London's 1935 explanation of the above as caused by a
giant "macro" quantum ground state density of electrons in the
superconductive phase of the metal where the macro-quantum
supercurrent density 3-vector Js obeys
Js = -(c/4pi(penetration depth)^2)EM Vector Potential (1)
in a special gauge.
penetration depth = [(rest energy of electron)/4pi(macro-quantum
density of superconducting electrons)(charge)^2]^1/2 (2)
The time derivative of (1) gives zero electrical resistance and the
curl of (1) gives the expulsion of magnetic flux using standard
Maxwell equations of the classical applied electromagnetic field in
the static limit.
4. The superconducting electron density -> 0 at the critical
temperature Tc as in Landau's theory of 2nd order phase transitions
in thermal equilibrium strictly dead matter.
5. Landau and Ginzburg 1950 using Landau's theory of 2nd order phase
transitions add the long-range coherent giant quantum wave phase to
the London idea of intensity of superconducting electron density. We
now have both an amplitude and phase of a giant local wave with
nonlocal long-range coherence that Landau and Ginzburg in Moscow
under Stalin's tyranny called the "order parameter" Psi.
The L-G version of (1) was
Js = e|Psi|^2vs (3)
m*vs = hbarGrad(phase of giant wave) - 2eA/c (4)
This is gauge invariant.
A = EM vector potential
6. i.e. Giant macro-quantum ground state wave in modern notation Psi
= <0|phi|0> ~ (density of superconducting electrons)^1/2e^i(coherent
hologram phase).
7. Landau and Ginzburg in 1950 showed that the giant macro-quantum
ground state coherent hologram wave forming the superconductor obeyed
a nonlinear replacement for the linear Schrodinger equation of
micro-quantum theory.
8. "More is different" (coined in 1967 by P.W. Anderson).
9. Gorkov in 1959 related the Landau-Ginzburg model to the
microscopic BCS model of the mid-1950s after Einstein's death in
1955.
10. Pippard in 1953 from data showed one needed a second coherence
length for the scale of change of Psi in space in addition to the
penetration depth. The superconducting electron density was smaller
than the normal metal electron density.
11. Bardeen in 1956 showed that the Pippard coherence length implied
a nonlocal electrodynamics inside the superconductor, and that this
required an "energy gap" in the spectrum of single-particle
elementary excitations above the superconducting ground state.
12. The BCS (1957) microscopic quantum -> macro-quantum
non-perturbative ground state instability gave such an energy gap in
a self-consistent way that H. Frohlich was not able to find using
only micro-quantum perturbation theory. Frohlich was the first to
realize that the experimental data on the isotope effect in
superconductors demanded a net electron-electron attraction from a
retarded electron-phonon interaction with the crystal lattice of the
superconductor. BCS took Frohlich's idea beyond perturbation theory,
indeed beyond micro-quantum theory! This was the first example of
micro -> macro "More is different" emergence of qualitatively new
physical properties from a lower-level substratum.
* Both Einstein's gravity with precision cosmology's antigravity
cosmic field of dark energy and gravitating dark matter are such
emergent properties as is our own consciousness in the electric
dipoles of the microtubules. These nano-scale electric dipoles are
single-electron transistors and their collective
far-from-thermal-equilibrium Frohlich modes separate from the thermal
bath and are protected against environmental decoherence by their
holographic long-range phase stability sustained by a sufficiently
large energy flow "pump" like in a laser.
13. The coherence length is inversely proportional to the energy gap.
The ratio of penetration depth to coherence length is important. When
this ratio is > (square root of 2)^-1 Type II strings of trapped
quantized magnetic flux vortex lines form. This is the first "string
theory."
to be continued
On Apr 11, 2004, at 9:15 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
I did some more checking of the history.
If Einstein had read Landau and Ginzburg's 1950 paper
extending the F& H London's (1935) giant quantum wave theory of
superconductivity
then yes Einstein could have done Modanese's
calculation almost 50 years before Modanese did it.
Possible, but not likely.
On Apr 11, 2004, at 8:50 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
On Apr 11, 2004, at 9:13 PM, sonata wrote:
I've read Modanese's paper. Thing is Einstein's
notes from 1952 read the same.
Interesting if true, but unlikely
1. The Landau-Ginzburg theory of the superconductor was not well
known in 1952!
True first Landau-Ginzburg paper was in 1950.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginzburg-Landau_theory
Hence small chance Einstein connected those dots in 1952, but I am
skeptical.
Most of the insights into superconductivity did not happen until
after Einstein's death.
Maybe Modanese stole
them from the Einstein Family which still keeps thousands
of Einstein's personal notes which have never been published.
Many more pages are still locked away in the Archives....Rmc
...
Modanese's work is interesting and relevant to the alleged
Podkletnov effect described by Nick Cook
"The Hunt For Zero Point"
Modanese uses only first order perturbation theory and shows that
the Landau-Ginzburg superconducting order parameter i.e.
<0|phi|0> ~ |BCS energy gap|^1/2 e^i(long-range coherent phase)
BCS energy gap for a single bound real electron-electron pair ~
|condensate pair wave function|^2
and shows that the superconductor giant quantum wave acts like a
cosmological constant term in the Einstein-Hilbert action for the
pure gravity field in vacuum only in the region of space-time where
the superconducting giant quantum wave does not vanish obviously.
Modanese, however, does not derive the Einstein-Hilbert action from
another analogous giant vacuum wave the way I do in the sense first
suggested by Andrei Sakharov in Moscow in 1967.
However, adding my vacuum coherence wave to Modanese's real
superconducting coherence wave gives a Josephson interferometer
analog effect, which I do think is the basic "metric engineering"
effect that we seem to be seeing in the flying saucer data.
Jack Sarfatti wrote:
Actually Boylan's quote is a garbled version of what I wrote
describing a model of Giovanni Modanese's for how a real
superconductor wave will modify space-time geometry like in the
alleged "Podkletnov effect."
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 8
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 16:09:19 -0700
From: Jack Sarfatti
Subject: Re: Higgs condensate origin of Einstein gravity
Thanks I will read it anon. Certainly looks relevant.
I want it clear for the record that I had not read any large number
papers in the field,
but developed my ideas out of my debate with Harold Puthoff on
his PV gravity model and his idea with Haisch and Rueda on the
EM zero point origin of inertia as shown in the record in my
two books published in 2002 (on Amazon). I do not think they have
correctly
implemented Sakharov's idea.
I was also driven by the discovery of dark energy, which Hal has still
not mentioned in his recent interview by Aviation Week March 1, 2004
as well as the UFO data like Cornet's "reverse Doppler effect" and
Kleinert's world crystal elastic theory. Susskind's hologram also
played a role - all in a Bohmian version of Wheeler's "IT FROM BIT."
On Apr 12, 2004, at 3:03 PM, Gary S. Bekkum wrote:
Hi Jack,
Curious if you have surveyed the archives for papers on Higgs
generation of
gravity?
In my theory the Higgs type intensity field creates both w = -1 dark
energy and w = -1 dark matter (that mimics w = 0 CDM). The Goldstone
type phase coherent field creates the tetrad and hence Einstein's
gravity guv field where the quantum of area is the conversion factor
between IT and BIT.
example:
A connection between gravity and the Higgs field
http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0204106
Authors: M. Consoli
Comments: 38 pages, Latex file
Several arguments suggest that an effective curved space-time
structure (of
the type as in General Relativity) can actually find its dynamical
origin in
an underlying condensed medium of spinless quanta. For this reason, we
exploit the recent idea of density fluctuations in a `Higgs
condensate' with
the conclusion that such long-wavelength effects might represent the
natural
dynamical agent of gravity.
garysbekkum@hotmail.com
My condensed virtual fermion pairs can be J = 2 d wave spin singlets,
also J = 2 p-wave spin triplets as well as J = 0 s-wave spin singlet
and several J = 1 contributions.
The false vacuum will not support ANY real massive quanta! This is
important. You only get real quanta i.e. lepto-quarks in the true
vacuum in accord with Wheeler's "Mass without mass" as Bohm IT "hidden
variables."
This is the real zero point origin of inertia not what Haish, Rueda and
Puthoff & Co are incoherently espousing.
The pop media are telling the public a seriously distorted story about
our Destiny Ad Astra.
[gr-qc/0306105] Modern Michelson-Morley experiments and
gravitationally-induced anisotropy of c
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, abstract
gr-qc/0306105
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0306105
From: "Zappala' Dario" [view email]
Date: Mon, 23 Jun 2003 14:10:09 GMT (8kb)
Modern Michelson-Morley experiments and gravitationally-induced
anisotropy
of c
Authors: M. Consoli
Comments: Latex file, 9 pages, no figures
The recent, precise Michelson-Morley experiment performed by Muller et
al.
suggests a tiny anisotropy of the speed of light. I propose a
quantitative
explanation of the observed effect based on the interpretation of
gravity as
a density fluctuation of the Higgs condensate.
Full-text: PostScript, PDF, or Other formats
References and citations for this submission:
SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by, arXiv reformatted);
CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis)
Which authors of this paper are endorsers?
Links to: arXiv, gr-qc, /find, /abs (-/+), /0306, ?
I have edited out a lot of stuff already in previous messages as this is very long.
Vladimir Poponin, from Moscow, did work with us at ISSO
in San Francisco 1999-2000. The core of the ISSO theory group was me, Saul-Paul Sirag,
Creon Levit and Vladimir Poponin.
On Apr 13, 2004, at 1:37 AM, SarfattiScienceSeminars@yahoogroups.com wrote:
There are 10 messages in this issue.
Topics in this digest:
1. 1-Dimensional Anharmonic FPU Lattice and Goldstone Modes (Spin Waves)
From: "Berkant"
2. Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling and Split of Electron
From: "Berkant"
3. Re: Dr Hal E Puthoff weighs in on Zero Point Energy for deep space travel!
From: Jack Sarfatti
4. Re: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers 2
From: Jack Sarfatti
5. Speculations Motivated by the Gravastar Scenario
From: "Berkant"
6. Re: Dr Hal E Puthoff weighs in on Zero Point Energy for deep space travel!
From: "Berkant"
7. Re: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers 3
From: Jack Sarfatti
8. Re: Higgs condensate origin of Einstein gravity
From: Jack Sarfatti
9. 4: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers
From: Jack Sarfatti
10. Gedanken spacecraft that operates using the quantum vacuum - 2012
From: "trixcleverspacealien"
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 1
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 12:20:19 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: 1-Dimensional Anharmonic FPU Lattice and Goldstone Modes (Spin Waves)
[Berkant]
I want to check Neil's assumptions...
but who can tell me when the following paper was published???
V.P. Poponin. Modeling of NLE dynamics in one dimensional anharmonic
FPU-lattice. Physics Letters A. (in press).
I think that there is nothing evident.. we only deal with different
interpretations... and this should be said explicitly... it is so
easy to mix facts and fictions and present them as facts as we can
see in this good example:
While Poponin suggested that the memory of the vacuum was evidence
of a "new subquantum field", I brought it up with Poponin that
these results could also imply that the "FPU lattice" of his
mathematical description could also imply subquantum particles as
the entities responsible for the memory of the vacuum. He agreed
with this notion. This notion of subquantum particles is
especially evident when one considers that the FPU lattice is
mathematically a loosely coupled collection of entites which act
as solitons, behaviorally. When we examine the constituent
elements of these "FPU solitons", in the light of subquantum
particles, then the evidence speaks for itself.
Note Antony Valentini's remark that sub-quantum non-equilibrium implies the all-important
"signal nonlocality" in violation of micro-quantum theory that is only valid in "sub-quantal heat death."
Signal-nonlocality is necessary, not sufficient, for consciousness both normal and paranormal.
That is no-signal nonlocality, AKA "signal locality" or "no-cloning," strictly forbids consciousness in any form.
BTW according to Nature, the fundamental unit of life is the DNA cell nucleus + nanotubes of microtubules, which support Frohlich's, I bet, longitudinal macro-quantum electric polarization modes from the caged IT single electrons whose Bohm pilot BIT field is the mind field or what Rupert calls the "morphogenetic field" whose essence must be "signal nonlocality" or "telepathy" in Einstein's "spooky" sense. Without it we are zombies in a voodoo world.
Nature 428, 25 March, 2004 p. 371
"Cell bodies in a cage"
"nanotubular intercellular bridges ... cell to cell connections ... complex networks of cytoplasmic continuity ..."
The primordial cell body is "the nucleus and a set of perinuclear radiating microtubules and can be regarded as the basic unit of eukaryotic life.."
Well there you have
IT FROM BIT + BIT FROM IT.
Frohlich did not know this recent biology and only knew about membranes supporting huge electric fields. His ideas apply here.
The human genome is only a "parts list" we need "signal nonlocality" in order to properly arrange the parts.
The human genome signal-to-noise ratio seems to be small only 10^-3.
We are more like worms and yeast cells than we care to admit if we only look at the "parts list."
[Berkant]
but the irony here is that some interpretations do not exclude each
other... so it is amazing that Neil in his "obsesssion"
for "subgroups of the matrix in n-dimensional FPU lattice" rejects
Goldstone modes (which are described as spin waves) and fails to see
the connections in the low energy limit...
let's look for Goldstone modes and 1-D anharmonic FPU lattices now:
---
Supersonic Discrete Kink-Solitons and Sinusoidal Patterns
with ¡°Magic¡± Wavenumber in Anharmonic Lattices
by Yuriy A. Kosevich, Ramaz Khomeriki, and Stefano Ruffo
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0303463
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/cond-mat/pdf/0303/0303463.pdf
Abstract. ¨C The sharp pulse method is applied to Fermi-Pasta-Ulam
(FPU) and Lennard-Jones (LJ) anharmonic lattices. Numerical
simulations reveal the presence of high energy strongly
localized ¡°discrete¡± kink-solitons (DK), which move with supersonic
velocities that are proportional to kink amplitudes. For small
amplitudes, the DK¡¯s of the FPU lattice reduce to the well-
known ¡°continuous¡± kink-soliton solutions of the modified Korteweg-
de Vries equation. For high amplitudes, we obtain a consistent
description of these DK¡¯s in terms of approximate solutions of the
lattice equations that are obtained by restricting to a bounded
support in space exact solutions with sinusoidal pattern
characterized by the ¡°magic¡± wavenumber k = 2/3. Relative
displacement patterns, velocity versus amplitude, dispersion
relation and exponential tails found in numerical simulations are
shown to agree very well with analytical predictions, for both FPU
and LJ lattices.
...
Introduction. ¨C The interest in studying moving nonlinear localized
excitations (solitons, kink-solitons, etc.) is mainly motivated by
the fact that they can be related to transport properties. In this
respect, one dimensional lattices of anharmonic oscillators can
serve as a testing ground for nonlinear transport. In this Letter we
present numerical and analytical studies of the dynamical properties
of strongly localized excitations of anharmonic lattices with two-
body interparticle potentials [1]. Invariance under the symmetry
transformation that shifts the positions of all the oscillators by
the same amount relates anharmonic lattices with interparticle
couplings to a wide class of systems which share such continuous
symmetry, e.g. quasi-one dimensional easy plane ferromagnets and
antiferromagnets, ferrimagnetic systems with spiral structures and
even quantum Hall double layer pseudo-ferromagnets [2]. The
spontaneous breakdown of this translational symmetry leads to the
apperance of gapless GOLDSTONE MODES, which itself generates kink-
soliton solutions in the presence of nonlinearity. Anomalous
transport properties [3] could appear for all systems in this class.
...
The existence of these localized objects is possible because of the
peculiar symmetry un ¡รบ un + const of the interparticle potential.
Systems with such a symmetry have an infinitely degenerate ground
state and its spontaneous breakdown leads to the appearance of
gapless Goldstone modes that determine the formation of kinks.
---
[Berkant]
Let's look for more papers by Yuriy A. Kosevich, Ramaz Khomeriki,
and Stefano Ruffo... before we go on to Poponin references...
---
http://arxiv.org/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Khomeriki_R/0/1/0/all/0/1
-->
SEE:
Interaction of a Kink-Soliton with a Breather in a Fermi-Pasta-Ulam
Chain
Ramaz Khomeriki
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0112067
Solitons in polarized double layer quantum Hall systems
R. Khomeriki, M. Abolfath, K. Mullen
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0112177
A new manifestation of interlayer coherence in strongly polarized
double layer quantum Hall systems with total filling factor = 1 in
the presence of a small or zero tunneling is theoretically
predicted. It is shown that moving (for small tunneling) and
spatially localized (for zero tunneling) stable pseudospin solitons
develop which could be interpreted as mobile or static charge-density
excitations. The possibility of their experimental observation is
also discussed.
...
The main prediction5,6,7 of this model, the existence of the broken
symmetry Goldstone mode8, has been confirmed by the observation9 of
split of peaks in the tunneling conductance in the presence of in-
plane magnetic field.
8 H. A. Fertig, Phys. Rev. B, 40, 1087, (1989).
---
Goldstone mode kink-solitons in double layer quantum Hall systems
Ramaz Khomeriki, Kieran Mullen, Shota Revishvili
http://arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0211336
It is shown that in charge unbalanced double layer quantum Hall
system with zero tunneling pseudospin Goldstone mode excitations
form moving kink-soliton in weakly nonlinear limit. This charge-
density localization moves with a velocity of gapless linear spin-
wave mode and could be easily observed experimentally. We claim that
mentioned Goldstone mode kink-solitons define diffusionless charge
transport properties in double layer quantum Hall systems.
...
The recent observation [1] of split-off peaks of tunneling
conductance versus in-plane magnetic field in double layer quantum
Hall systems with total Landau level filling factor v = 1 have been
naturally interpreted as ¡±footsteps¡± of linearly dispersing
pseudospin Goldstone mode [2]. Thus the correctness and efficiency
of field-theoretical approach according which the quantum Hall
double layer system could be described as easy-plane type (pseudo)
ferromagnet [3] was indirectly confirmed. The Goldstone mode appears
in systems with continuous symmetries as a result of spontaneous
symmetry breaking which in presence of nonlinearity leads to the
appearance of Goldstone mode kink-solitons [4]. The present paper is
devoted to the investigation of dynamical nonlinear properties of
the mentioned Goldstone mode in quantum Hall (pseudo)ferromagnets
Particularly, the existence of moving localized solutions is
predicted. As it is mentioned below such localizations could be
detected experimentally via observing counter propagating
inhomogeneous currents through the layers (see Fig. 1).
...
[2] H. A. Fertig, Phys. Rev. B, 40, 1087, (1989).
---
[Berkant]
Can we locate the publications of H. A. Fertig??
---
http://xxx.lanl.gov/find/cond-mat/1/au:+Fertig_H/0/1/0/all/0/1
very interesting topics... some of the following papers have
relevance to the work of Dr. Jack Sarfatti...
Theory of Photoluminescence from a Magnetic Field Induced Two-
dimensional Quantum Wigner Crystal
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9305006
Orientational Order and Depinning of the Disordered Electron Solid
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9402021
Collective Modes of Soliton-Lattice States in Double-Quantum-Well
Systems
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9411094
In strong perpendicular magnetic fields double-quantum-well systems
can sometimes occur in unusual broken symmetry states which have
interwell phase coherence in the absence of interwell hopping. When
hopping is present in such systems and the magnetic field is tilted
away from the normal to the quantum well planes, a related soliton-
lattice state can occur which has kinks in the dependence of the
relative phase between electrons in opposite layers on the
coordinate perpendicular to the in-plane component of the magnetic
field. In this article we evaluate the collective modes of this
soliton-lattice state in the generalized random-phase aproximation.
We find that, in addition to the Goldstone modes associated with the
broken translational symmetry of the soliton-lattice state, higher
energy collective modes occur which are closely related to the
Goldstone modes present in the spontaneously phase-coherent state.
We study the evolution of these collective modes as a function of
the strength of the in-plane magnetic field and comment on the
possibility of using the in-plane field to generate a finite wave
probe of the spontaneously phase-coherent state.
---
Electromagnetic absorption of a pinned Wigner crystal at finite
temperatures
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9905350
Symmetry of the Atomic Electron Density in Hartree, Hartree-Fock,
and Density Functional Theory
H.A. Fertig, W. Kohn
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/9909127
Hamiltonian Theory of the Composite Fermion Wigner Crystal
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0104579
---
Deformation and Depinning of Superconducting Vortices from
Artificial Defects: A Ginzburg-Landau Study
D. J. Priour Jr, H. A. Fertig
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0209541
---
Deconfinement and Dissipation in Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling
H.A. Fertig, Joseph P. Straley
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0301128
The zero-bias tunneling resonance in quantum Hall bilayer systems is
investigated via numerical simulations of the classical two
dimensional XY model with a symmetry-breaking field. Disorder is
included in the model, and is shown to nucleate strings of
overturned spins proliferated through the system, with unpaired
vortices and antivortices at their endpoints. This string glass
state supports low energy excitations which lead to anomalously
large dissipation in tunneling, as observed in experiment. The e ect
of an in-plane magnetic field is discussed.
...
Introduction. Bilayer quantum Hall systems have attracted much
attention because, for small layer separations and vanishing
interlayer tunneling, they support states with spontaneous
interlayer coherence. This broke symmetry leads to a Goldstone mode
[1] which may be described as a spin wave in an XY ferromagnet [2].
If one introduces interlayer tunneling, the system may alternatively
be described as a large area Josephson junction.
...
The latter results suggest that a resonance should be seen at a
voltage corresponding to the Goldstone collective mode frequency...
...
---
[Berkant]
This last paper has relevance to the work of Dr. Jack Sarfatti...
I again give the links to papers dealing with n-dimensional Fermi-
Pasta-Ulam lattice:
Geometry and dynamics in Hamiltonian lattices
PhD thesis of Bob Wilhelmus Rink
http://www.math.uu.nl/people/rink/Thesis.pdf
or
http://www.ams.org/bull/1997-34-04/S0273-0979-97-00732-5/S0273-0979-
97-00732-5.pdf
Symmetric invariant manifolds in the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam lattice
Bob Rink
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/nlin/pdf/0209/0209054.pdf
THE SYMMETRIES OF SOLITONS
Richard S. Palais
http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/dg-ga/pdf/9708/9708004.pdf
---
[Berkant]
But now to Poponin..
Pulse interaction in nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics
A. M. Ignatov, V. P. Poponin
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/hep-th/0008021
...
Another interesting point is that for = 1 the increase in the
pulse amplitude results in delay in energy (and information)
exchange between distant points, that is, the solution described by
(11) is subluminal. This takes place for both the Heisenberg-Euler
electrodynamics, which is currently the only one of physical sence,
and for the elegant Born-Infeld theory, for which our results
are exact. However, for = −1 the pulse propagation would be
superluminal.
From the viewpoint of nonlinear physics, the electromagnetic pulses
in vacuum exhibit the soliton-like behavior: the collision results
in a phase shift but the form of a pulse remains unchanged. The main
interesting point with this respect is that unlike usual nonlinear
equations, the shape of the soliton is arbitrary.
---
Paper published in Quantum Electronics:
Stimulated scattering of electromagnetic waves by a relativistic
electron beam in a three-dimensional geometry (1999)
A R Karimov,a V P Poponin,a A A Rukhadze,b V A Shcheglov
http://www.turpion.org/links/32da74aa7c9645d531341c3681207d47_0.phtml
Laser Deposited Phthalocyanine- and Fullerene-Based Photovoltaic
Cells
A.I. Shevalevskii, V.P. Poponin, L.L. Larina
http://www.scientific.net/default.cfm?pg=1&issn=0255-5476&isbn=0-
87849-683-1
Subtle Connections:
Psi, Grof, Jung, and the Quantum Vacuum
Ervin Laszlo
http://www.goertzel.org/dynapsyc/1996/subtle.html
Torsion waves both superluminal and enduring. Meta- stable "torsion-
phantoms" generated by spin- torsion interaction can persist even in
the absence of the objects that generated them. The existence of
these phantoms has been confirmed in the experiments of Vladimir
Poponin and his team at the Institute of Biochemical Physics of the
Russian Academy of Sciences.[23](see P.P.Gariaev, K.V. Grigor'ev,
A.A. Vasil'ev, V.P. Poponin and V.A. Shcheglov, "Investigation of
the fluctuation dynamics of DNA solutions by laser correlation
spectro- scopy," in Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute No. 11-
12, 1999, pp. 23- 30; V.P. Poponin, "Modeling of NLE dynamics in
one dimensional anharmonic FPU- lattice", Physics Letters A .)
Poponin, who has since repeated the experiment at the Heartmath
Institute in the US, placed a sample of a DNA molecule into a
temperature controlled chamber and subjected it to a laser beam. He
found that the electromagnetic field around the chamber exhibits a
specific structure, more or less as expected. But he also found that
this structure persists long after the DNA itself has been removed
from the laser- irradiated chamber: the DNA's imprint in the field
continues to be present when the DNA is no longer there. Poponin and
his collaborators conclude that the experiment shows that a new
field structure has been triggered from the physical vacuum. This
field is extremely sensitive; it can be excited by a range of
energies close to zero. The phantom effect is a manifestation, they
claim, of a hitherto overlooked vacuum substructure.
---
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE PLASMA REFERENCES
http://odin.mat.stevens-tech.edu/plasma/APP%20REFERENCES.pdf
Burtsev, V. A., A. A. Kondakov, V. P. Poponin, V. G. Smirnov, and V.
F. Shanskii, ¡°Heating of Molecular Gases in an Externally Maintained
Discharge," Sov. Phys. Tech. Phys., Vol 23, No 4, pp 419-421, April,
1978.
---
Huh, Poponin work for
Black Hole Production in Particle Collisions and Higher Curvature
Gravity
http://xxx.arxiv.cornell.edu/PS_cache/hep-ph/pdf/0401/0401116.pdf
This results in a linear Poisson equation, which is readily solved.
In this way Ignatov and Poponin [39] obtained an exact solution of
the original Monge-Amp`ere equation (52) in an implicit form,...
...
[39] A. M. Ignatov and V. P. Poponin, ¡°Pulse interaction in
nonlinear vacuum electrodynamics,¡± arXiv:hep-th/0008021.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 2
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 12:31:03 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling and Split of Electron
I think this paper would interest you:
Deconfinement and Dissipation in Quantum Hall "Josephson" Tunneling
H.A. Fertig, Joseph P. Straley
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0301128
The zero-bias tunneling resonance in quantum Hall bilayer systems is
investigated via numerical simulations of the classical two
dimensional XY model with a symmetry-breaking field. Disorder is
included in the model, and is shown to nucleate strings of
overturned spins proliferated through the system, with unpaired
vortices and antivortices at their endpoints. This string glass
state supports low energy excitations which lead to anomalously
large dissipation in tunneling, as observed in experiment. The e ect
of an in-plane magnetic field is discussed.
...
Introduction. Bilayer quantum Hall systems have attracted much
attention because, for small layer separations and vanishing
interlayer tunneling, they support states with spontaneous
interlayer coherence. This broke symmetry leads to a Goldstone mode
[1] which may be described as a spin wave in an XY ferromagnet [2].
If one introduces interlayer tunneling, the system may alternatively
be described as a large area Josephson junction.
...
The latter results suggest that a resonance should be seen at a
voltage corresponding to the Goldstone collective mode frequency...
...
What is this??
How to split the electron in one dimension
Eugene B. Kolomeisky, T. J. Newman, J. P. Straley
http://xxx.lanl.gov/abs/cond-mat/0103174
Using the example of the Davydov soliton - a large acoustic polaron
in one dimension - we demonstrate that the electron wave function
can be fissioned in two or more long-lived, well-localized and
spatially arbitrarily far separated fragments. The phenomenon of
wave function splitting is a result of the electron-medium
interaction, and takes place under a variety of conditions provided
the initial wave function of the electron is localized and has at
least one node.
...
The idea of fissioning has been put forward by Maris in his analysis
of the physics of electron bubbles in superfluid helium [1]. It has
been known for years that an electron injected into liquid helium
can lower its energy by self-localizing in a 1s state inside a
spherical cavity from which helium atoms are expelled. Maris argues
that if the electron is optically excited from the 1s state to the
1p state, the pressure exerted by the electron in the excited state
will no longer support the spherical cavity – the bubble walls will
be set into motion, and the inertia of the liquid around the bubble
will suce to break the bubble into two smaller bubbles each
carrying half of the original wave function. Maris further argues
that the daughter bubbles will act in such a way as if they were
fractions of the original particle, and that the existence
of "fractional" bubbles explains a substantial amount of
otherwise unexplained experimental data.
---
Has this also relevance for exotic energy production systems??
Berkant
Jack wrote:
Modanese's work is interesting and relevant to the alleged
Podkletnov
effect described by Nick Cook
"The Hunt For Zero Point"
Modanese uses only first order perturbation theory and shows
that the
Landau-Ginzburg superconducting order parameter i.e.
<0|phi|0> ~ |BCS energy gap|^1/2 e^i(long-range coherent phase)
BCS energy gap for a single bound real electron-electron pair ~
|condensate pair wave function|^2
and shows that the superconductor giant quantum wave acts like
a
cosmological constant term in the Einstein-Hilbert action for
the
pure gravity field in vacuum only in the region of space-time
where
the superconducting giant quantum wave does not vanish
obviously.
Modanese, however, does not derive the Einstein-Hilbert action
from
another analogous giant vacuum wave the way I do in the sense
first
suggested by Andrei Sakharov in Moscow in 1967.
However, adding my vacuum coherence wave to Modanese's real
superconducting coherence wave gives a Josephson interferometer
analog effect, which I do think is the basic "metric
engineering"
effect that we seem to be seeing in the flying saucer data.
Jack Sarfatti wrote:
Actually Boylan's quote is a garbled version of what I wrote
describing a model of Giovanni Modanese's for how a real
superconductor wave will modify space-time geometry like in
the
alleged "Podkletnov effect."
"Then the Casimir effect was found to be a natural embodiment of
natural
principles," Puthoff said. "The [general] reaction was: 'OK, but it's a
small effect. It's never going to be useful for making energy' — just
like what was said about nuclear energy. So, we're now at the stage of
looking for the equivalent of Fermi's neutron-source catalyst —
something that ignites the ZPE process."
Hal fundamentally here does not understand what the problem is.
He is shining a light in the wrong part of the dark room as in the Sufi
Tale.
The basic equations needed for "metric engineering" of the exotic dark
energy/matter vacua are
Ruv - (1/2)Rguv + /\zpfguv = 0
/\zpf = (Quantum of Area)^-1[(Quantum of Area)^3/2|Vacuum Coherence|^2
- 1]
Ordinary non-exotic vacuum has /\zpf = 0
Where the total vacuum zero point energy density at a given scale is
Zero point energy density = (Super-String Tension)/\zpf
And the Hawking quantum gravity entropy S of a region of space of
volume V with boundary area A is
S = kA/4(Quantum of Area)
k = Boltzmann's constant
With the metric engineering "Josephson interferometer" effect
/\zpf(induced) = (Quantum of Area)^-1[(Quantum of Area)^3/2|Vacuum
Coherence + Superconductor Coherence|^2 - 1]
Control of the relative phase between the physical vacuum condensate
and the control superconductor condensate in their space-time regions
of common "overlap" support is the key to metric engineering.
But is harnessing ZPE feasible, and, if so, how soon? If the
expectations of cutting-edge scientists are any guide, a ZPE power
source…could be in sight.
"I'd say our confidence level [of a breakthrough] is 50% or better. We
have some ideas that we're exploring, but we're not ready to talk about
them," Puthoff hedged. "The big hurdle is finding an embodiment that
will permit scale-ups to useful levels of energy — finding the
catalyst for accelerating currently known processes. If our [research]
is successful, almost assuredly there'd be no problem with small units
— a few cubic centimeters of ZPE — providing enough energy to power
spaceships."
As to when a breakthrough might occur, "We're definitely not stumbling
around in the dark anymore," Puthoff continued. "It's been shown that
ZERO POINT ENERGY IS REAL and has REAL CONSEQUENCES. It's definitely a
technology that's NOT READY FOR PRIME TIME, but it's definitely READY
FOR SERIOUS SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION."
Puthoff is right for the wrong reasons. The Casimir force is the wrong
reason. It is
Fool's Gold. The right reason is the "dark energy" from Type 1a
supernovae data
found first ~ 1999. The article is strangely silent on the The Right
Stuff.
Message: 5
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 18:45:03 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: Speculations Motivated by the Gravastar Scenario
Emergent Gauge Bosons
James Bjorken (SLAC)
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0111196
The old idea that the photon is a Goldstone boson emergent from a
spontaneously broken theory of interacting fermions is revisited. It
is conjectured that the gauge-potential condensate has a vacuum
expectation value which is very large, perhaps the GUT/Planck
momentum scale, but that the magnitude of the effective potential
which generates it is very small, so small that in the limit of
vanishing cosmological constant it would vanish. In this way, the
threat of unacceptably large observable, noncovariant residual
effects is mitigated. The linkage of these ideas to other
speculative ideas involving black holes and parametrizations of
Standard-Model coupling constants is also described.
...
Recently I have played with the notion of relating Standard Model
parameters to gravitational parameters [3], and this has prompted me
to revisit the old Goldstone-photon ideas again. What follows will
be a status report on what I have found out. In the next section I
will sketch out a modernized version of ancient work on Goldstone
photons. Section 3 contains the speculations regarding Standard
Model parameters, and how those ideas mesh with the Goldstone-photon
description.
...
Shortly after the work of Nambu and Jona-Lasinio [5] on
the "Goldstone pion", I explored whether their method might be
applicable to the description of the photon as a Goldstone mode.
...
There must be quartic, and possibly higher, terms in V (A) as well,
in order to generate the familiar Mexican hat structure of the
potential and induce spontaneous symmetry breaking.
...
The second guess is that the relation of the Higgs condensate value
hvi to the gravitational parameters is, up to coecients which may
contain the above large logarithm, just the geometric mean of the
cosmological-constant and Planck/GUT scales
...
It is very unlikely that such simple-minded relations should exist.
But if the chance is nonvanishing, then it is extremely attractive
to pursue the idea further, because it is most likely that the
relations will only hold if the underlying dynamics at and above the
electroweak scale is austere and simple, instead of being the very
rich and complicated scenario more typically presumed to be the
case. The most viable option for simplicity is something like
the "desert" scenario, with little if any new physics this side of
the short distance frontier at the GUT/Planck scales.
...
And the electroweak gauge bosons, as well as the QCD gluons, deserve
a similar Goldstone treatment, and the details of their emergence
will certainly interact with those of the Goldstone photon, leading
to textures in spacetime and in momentum space of greater richness
and complexity.
...
6 Outlook
!!!
These considerations are not worth much unless the underlying
physics, if any, of the spontaneous breakdown is delineated. I
personally am attracted to the ideas of Volovik [13], which of
course rely on earlier work of Holger Bech in a major way.
Particularly attractive is the argument for a nearly vanishing
cosmological constant: if the vacuum is analogous to a droplet of
quantum liquid in equilibrium at very low temperature, the pressure
vanishes, up to boundary-surface corrections. Vanishing vacuum
pressure is the same statement as vanishing cosmological constant.
This simple argument in my mind creates a new setting of the
cosmological-constant problem:
it becomes the understanding of Standard Model particles as
collective excitations of this purported quantum liquid.
The original problem does not go away, but is restated in terms of
why the collective modes of such a quantum liquid so faithfully
respect gauge invariance and Lorentz covariance, as well as general
covariance for the emergent graviton. Very important in the Volovik
viewpoint is the structure and topology of momentum space. It may be
there that we may nd the textures needed for understanding the
existence of not just the Goldstone photon but of all twelve
Goldstone gauge bosons.
...
The problem of the graviton as an emergent degree of freedom must
also be addressed. It presumably must be faced at a more fundamental
level, e.g. higher energy scale, than the gauge sector. There
probably needs to be a condensate associated with it as well. If one
does not choose to invent new degrees of freedom, about the only
possibility seems to be to somehow exploit the right-handed, gauge-
singlet, Majorana neutrino condensates present in the see-saw
mechanism of neutrino mass generation.
Yes, all good stuff.
Note that my Goldstone mode is a spin 1 "graviphoton"
whose vacuum expectation value forms the Cartan tetrad
or mobile frame that is the Kleinert "world crystal lattice"
distortion field whose elastic strain tensor is Einstein's "spin 2"
guv(curved space-time) - (Minkowski flat)uv
Virtual electron-positron spin singlets in a bound D state have J = 2.
So do virtual electron-positron spin triplets in a bound P state have J = 2 as well as J = 1 and J = 0 as similar to He III phases?
Note that a virtual electron-positron pair is also a virtual electric dipole in Frohlich's sense.
---------
!!!
Cosmology and the Standard Model
James D. Bjorken
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0210202
We consider the properties of an ensemble of universes as function
of size, where size is defined in terms of the asymptotic value of
the Hubble constant (or, equivalently, the value of the cosmological
constant). We assume that standard model parameters depend upon size
in a manner that we have previously suggested, and provide
additional motivation for that choice. Given these assumptions, it
follows that universes with different sizes will have different
physical properties, and we estimate, very roughly, that only if a
universe has a size within a factor of a SQUARE ROOT OF TWO or so of
our own will it support life as we know it. We discuss implications
of this picture for some of the basic problems of cosmology and
particle physics, as well as the difficulties this point of view
creates.
...
Our universe seems, according to the present-day evidence, to be
spatially at and to possess a nonvanishing cosmological constant
[1]. These features, while not yet rock-solid experimentally, are
hardly what would have been anticipated by the founding fathers of
cosmology. The cosmological constant in particular is, for
cosmologists and general relativists, the Great Mistake. And for
elementary particle physicists it is the Great Embarrassment. It is
fair to say that each school would just as soon see it go away. But
in this paper we assume that it will not do so, and that the present
evidence will prevail.
...
In this paper we shall be considering an ensemble of universes
similar to our own but with different intrinsic sizes R1.z The
ambivalence between the elementary particle view of the cosmological
constant as vacuum energy/pressure and the cosmological view of it
as a size parameter for the universe is sharpened by looking at it
from this viewpoint.
...
To really understand the vacuum state is one of the most important
goals of fundamental theory, and it is often presumed that one must
go to unified theories, such as string theory, to attain true
enlightenment. But this would imply that, for the vacuum state, the
cosmological degrees of freedom talk to the elementary particle
degrees of freedom such as quark/gluon or Higgs in an essential way.
This point of view is reinforced by the fact that the dark-energy
term in the action is formally renormalized by the quantum
corrections contributed by all the other terms in the action.
If there is an interconnection between dark energy and QCD vacuum
fluctuations, we might suspect that interesting things occur when the
cosmological vacuum energy scale and the QCD vacuum energy scale
become comparable.
...
In particular we may assume that our universe is one member of a
multiverse, with the remaining members causally disconnected from
us, as discussed extensively by Rees [3] and others [4].
...
Is our existence improbable, in the sense that the parameters
characterizing Planet Earth are very finely tuned? The simplest
answer is that if life as we know it exists elsewhere in the
universe, i.e. there is a sufficiently large population of planets
to allow the replication of conditions found on Earth, no fine
tuning is required. The jury is still out with respect to what that
answer is [5].
...
There is an even more specificc and speculative scenario which can
be entertained and which is discussed in Section 5. It is a
reductionist version of evolutionary cosmology as envisaged by
Smolin [6], utilizing a speculative model of black hole interiors
dubbed gravastars by Mazur and Mottola [7, 8]. In this scenario, the
interiors of mature black holes are nonsingular and described by the
aforementioned static DeSitter metric which characterizes the future
of our own universe. This strongly suggests a cosmology of nested
black holes. The interiors of the black holes in our universe
comprise daughter universes, within which there are granddaughter
black-hole universes, etc. Going in the opposite direction, we may
surmise that our universe consists of the interior of a black hole
existing in a mother universe, which in turn is embedded within a
grandmother universe, etc. An important issue in this picture of
cosmology is the determination of the various species of daughter
universes (supermassive galactic-center black holes, stellar-
collapse black holes, ...) and their size distribution relative to
the size of the parent.
...
We will try to estimate these parameters from data and astrophysical
theory, and then try to estimate, for example, the number of sister
universes there are in the multiverse, and thereby to re-examine
questions posed above, such as estimating the number of planets,
galaxies, and/or universes within the multiverse which might support
life as we know it.
...
By now we have clearly entered a highly speculative level. Indeed we
have organized this note such that at the beginning of each new
section readers making it to that point can become dismissive and
bail out. But in the hope that there is at least one person left
reading this paragraph, we continue on.
...
Why all this speculation? From the point of view of this writer, it
is motivated by the gravastar scenario, and the related ideas of
emergent gravity and emergent standard model, as advocated by
Volovik [9] and others [10]. The vacuum is visualized as similar to
a quantum liquid such as helium at low temperatures. In
the "gravastar" scenario, the blackhole universes are droplets of
the quantum liquid, with order parameters which depend on the size
of the droplet. The cosmological constant is small because in the
ground state of the liquid droplet the pressure (which is measured by
the cosmological constant!) vanishes, up to surface corrections.
...
We now return to consideration of other standard-model parameters
with dimension of mass, starting with the masses of top quark, Higgs
bosons, and electroweak gauge bosons, all of which have a mass
formula of the form m = gv where g stands for a generic
dimensionless coupling constant.
...
In other words, if the radius of a universe in our ensemble of
universes is within roughly a factor sqrt(2) of ours, the standard
model parameters are close enough to our own not to upset the
conditions necessary for existence of life in that universe.
...
This picture is ready-made for the cosmological setting in which we
find ourselves: not only does our universe contain a large number
of "daughter" black-hole fluid droplets, but our universe itself can
be considered the interior of a much bigger droplet, which
presumably exists, along with many other "sister" droplets, in a much
larger "mother" universe. From this starting point, one easily sees
that a genealogy can be defined. The properties of mother and
daughter universes will depend upon how different in size they are
from our own, and how differently the physics works at those size
scales.
It is easiest and most direct to first consider the daughter
universes, because there are some data. There are at least two kinds
of daughters|the supermassive, galactic black holes, of horizon size
roughly 15 orders of magnitude smaller than the size of our
universe, and the stellar-size black holes which are six to eight
orders of magnitude smaller still. Despite the greater uncertainty
in the underlying astrophysics, we specialize to the former because
they are closest to us in size.
...
It seems very unreasonable to assume a large number of "ancestor"
generations, unless the primordial density fluctuations were to
increase is magnitude with R. However, intuitively we would if
anything expect the opposite to occur.
...
Since the size distribution of sister universes span a few factors
ten, the fraction with size close enough to our universe to in
principle support life as we know it will be a few powers of ten
less than the total population of sisters. This means that the
total number of universes in such a nested-black-hole multiverse
which could support life as we know it is bounded above by ten to a
small power. It follows that the overall number of planets in the
multiverse that are candidates for habitable environments is
not all that different (on a logarithmic scale) from the number in
our own universe.
...
4. What is the microscopic physics underlying the emergence scenario?
This question remains unanswered. Necessary conditions are that the
gauge bosons of the standard model, as well as the graviton, should
be considered collective modes of the presumed "quantum liquid"
vacuum. They quite likely should be all considered GOLDSTONE MODES
[2, 30] associated with various kinds of spontaneous symmetry
breakdown. The pattern of internal symmetries, especially in the
fermion representations, must be an essential clue.
...
[9] G. Volovik, Phys. Repts. 351, 58 (201), gr-qc/000509; \The
Universe in a Helium Droplet" (Oxford University Press, to be
published).
...
[24] M. Duff, hep-th/0208093; M. Duff, L. Okun, and G. Veneziano,
JHEP0203, 023 (2002), physics/0110060.
...
[30] P. Kraus and E. Tomboulis, hep-th/0203221.
Photons and Gravitons as Goldstone Bosons, and the Cosmological
Constant
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0203221
Yes, very relevant work that did not influence my own version.
---------
Superfluid analogies of cosmological phenomena
G.E. Volovik
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0005091
What can the quantum liquid say on the brane black hole, the entropy
of extremal black hole and the vacuum energy?
G.E. Volovik
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0301043
Dark matter from SU(4) model
G.E. Volovik
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0310006
The left-right symmetric Pati-Salam model of the unification of
quarks and leptons is based on SU(4) and SU(2)xSU(2) groups. These
groups are naturally extended to include the classification of
families of quarks and leptons. We assume that the family group (the
group which unites the families) is also the SU(4) group. The
properties of the 4-th generation of fermions are the same as that
of the ordinary-matter fermions in first three generations except
for the family charge of the SU(4)_F group: F=(1/3,1/3,1/3,-1),
where F=1/3 for fermions of ordinary matter and F=-1 for the 4-th
generation. The difference in F does not allow the mixing between
ordinary and fourth-generation fermions. Because of the conservation
of the F charge, the creation of baryons and leptons in the process
of electroweak baryogenesis must be accompanied by the creation of
fermions of the 4-th generation. As a result the excess n_B of
baryons over antibaryons leads to the excess n_{\nu 4}=N-\bar N=n_B
of neutrinos over antineutrinos in the 4-th generation. This massive
fourth-generation neutrino may form the non-baryonic dark matter. In
principle their mass density n_{\nu 4}m_N in the Universe can give
the main contribution to the dark matter, since the lower bound on
neutrino mass m_N from the data on decay of the Z-bosons is m_N >
m_Z/2. The straightforward prediction of this model leads to the
amount of cold dark matter relative to baryons, which is an order of
magnitude bigger than allowed by observations. This inconsistency
may be avoided by non-conservation of the F-charge.
---------
Quantum Gravity via Random Triangulations of R^4 and Gravitons as
Goldstone Bosons of SL(4)/O(4)
Yigal Shamir
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9410120
...
Understanding four-dimensional Quantum Gravity ranks among the most
important open problems in current theoretical physics.
...
The situation is different in the DT approach to four dimensional
Quantum Gravity [4, 5]. Numerical simulations based on a discretized
version of the Einstein-Hilbert action indicate the possibility of a
phase transition between a "branched polymer" phase and a "crumpled"
phase [4, 5, 6].
...
General Relativity is a theory with a local spacetime symmetry
group. It is well-known that general coordinate invariance is badly
broken by any discretization of spacetime. The solution to this
problem offered by the DT approach, is to pick a single
representative for each microscopic metric in the form of an
abstract triangulation.
...
What distinguishes four dimensional gravity from gravity in any
lower dimension, is the existence of a massless spin two particle
associated with the gravitational interaction – the graviton.
...
On a formal level, one can invoke the Goldstone theorem1 to argue
that there should exist massless excitations associated with the
generators in the coset space GL(4)/O(4). We comment that the broken
generators associated with physical spin two gravitons actually
belong to SL(4)/O(4). The extra invariance under global scale
transformations is therefore unnecessary for this reasoning.
...
Earlier attempts to relate the masslessness of gauge particles,
namely, the photon or the graviton, to the Goldstone theorem were
made in refs. [11, 12]
...
Maison and Reeh [14] proved long ago that Goldstone bosons with non-
zero spin cannot exist in a local, Lorentz covariant theory with a
positive norm Hilbert space. Therefore, when we analytically
continue back to Minkowski space, we should expect to obtain in the
long distance limit a gauge fixed version of General Relativity.
The implication of the Maison-Reeh theorem is that we are facing the
familiar choice between a manifestly Lorentz covariant formulation
and a manifestly unitary one. The model defined in this paper is
manifestly covariant, but it lacks reflection positivity. In this
formulation, the model cannot contain the physical graviton and be
manifestly unitary at the same time. Hence, its validity depends
ultimately on one's ability to construct a consistent set of
physical observables. At the moment, the term "Goldstone boson" as
used in this paper should be understood in a loose sense, namely, as
implying only that the Fourier transform of the appropriate
euclidean correlators has a zero momentum singularity.
...
The SL(4) Ward identities constitute the link between the dynamical
properties of the discretized model and the desired continuum limit.
What we need is that a stable microscopic scale, defined by the
dominant link length, will exist in the infinite volume limit. If
this condition is satisfied, we expect to obtain a translation
invariant phase where SL(4) is broken down to O(4). The unique
ground state of this phase should be flat space, and the existence
of massless spin two excitations can be regarded as a consequence of
the Goldstone theorem.
...
If gravitons are Goldstone bosons, then it should be possible to
derive the associated low energy theorems, and these low energy
theorems should provide an opportunity to compare the predictions of
the model with those of General Relativity. However, as we already
explained in the introduction, carrying out this program involves
very delicate issues.
...
The existence of physical spin two Goldstone bosons can then be
attributed to the spontaneous breakdown of SL(3) to O(3). In this
formulation one should prove the recovery of full Lorentz covariance
in the low energy limit.
[11] J. D. Bjorken, Ann. Phys. 24, (1963) 174.
[12] P. R. Phyllips, Phys. Rev. 146 (1965) 966. H. C. Ohanian, Phys.
Rev. 184 (1969) 1305.
---------
http://prola.aps.org/abstract/PR/v184/i5/p1305_1
Gravitons as Goldstone Bosons
Hans C. Ohanian
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12181
Received 3 April 1969
A Lagrangian model is constructed in which gravitons appear as
Goldstone bosons associated with a breaking of Lorentz symmetry. It
is assumed that a fermion field interacts with itself by a tensor-
tensor coupling. The invariance of the vacuum state under Lorentz
transformations is violated by assigning a nonzero vacuum
expectation value to the tensor. Interactions between the fermions
and this nonzero vacuum tensor are treated by a Hartree-Fock
procedure; other interactions are treated by perturbation theory.
The divergent integrals that appear are handled by a cutoff whose
magnitude, expressed as a length, is of the order of 10-33 cm. When
the S matrix for fermion-fermion scattering is calculated in first
approximation, "gravitons" make their appearance as poles at
momentum transfer k2=0. These gravitons also appear as solutions of
the Bethe-Salpeter equation for bound fermion-antifermion states.
The model reproduces the results of the linear approximation to
gravitational theory.
---------
!!!
More about cold quark-gluon plasma in superconductors:
Quark scattering at QGP/2SC interface
M. Sadzikowski (MIT, LNS & Cracow, INP)
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0201212
We considered the phenomenon of the Andreev reflection of quarks at
the interface between the cold quark-gluon plasma phase and 2SC
color superconductor.
...
The very interesting phenomenon arises at the junction between a
normal-metal and a superconductor. The reflection of a conduction
electron from the superconducting barrier, first elaborated in the
paper [1], is known in the literature as the Andreev reflection. It
was shown that the excitation in the normal metal outgoing from the
reflection point has the sign of the momentum, the sign of the
charge, and the sign of the effective mass opposite to that of the
incoming electron (hole quantum numbers). This peculiar prediction
was checked by tunneling experiments and ballistic (direct)
observations [2]. In this letter we raise the interesting question
of the interaction between the phase containing the free quarks (QGP)
and the color-superconductor (CS). We shall show that the free
quarks from the QGP phase falling at the CS barrier are reflected in
the similar fashion as was described by Andreev in [1].
In the next section we develop the Bogolubov - de Gennes equations
for superconducting phase. The third section contains the detailed
discussion of the Andreev reflection. In the last chapter we make
some comments about the influence of the Andreev reflection on the
phenomena that can take place inside the Neutron Stars.
...
Let us consider the simple physical problem of the quark scattering
on the superconducting plane surface placed at
z=0 in space.
...
In this paper we describe the phenomena of Andreev reflection at the
junction between the cold quark-gluon plasma and superconducting 2SC
phase. We found that the hole of di erent flavor and color than the
incoming particle is reflected toward the QGP phase.
see also:
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0201223
http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0203011
Neutrino processes in the $K^0$ condensed phase of color flavor
locked quark matter
Sanjay Reddy, Mariusz Sadzikowski, Motoi Tachibana
http://arxiv.org/abs/nucl-th/0306015
We study weak interactions involving Goldstone bosons in the neutral
kaon condensed phase of color flavor locked quark matter. We
calculate the rates for the dominant processes that contribute to
the neutrino mean free p ath and to neutrino production. A light
$K^+$ state, with a mass $\tilde{m}_{K^+} \propto (\Delta/\mu)
(\Delta/m_s)(m_d-m_u)$, where $\mu$ and $\Delta$ are the quark
chemical potential and superconducting gap respectively, is shown to
play an important role. We identify unique characteristics of weak
interaction rates in this novel phase and discuss how they might
influence neutrino emission in core collapse supernova and neutron
stars.
---------
Evaporation of the gluon condensate: a model for pure gauge SU(3)c
phase transition (Quasi-Free Gluons)
http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0112282
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 6
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 20:30:07 -0000
From: "Berkant"
Subject: Re: Dr Hal E Puthoff weighs in on Zero Point Energy for deep space travel!
Through private funding, Puthoff and his team have secured
patents
based
on converting ZPE to "miniature ball lightning — micron-size
lightning
— using a very small traveling wave tube," he said. "It appeared
to
demonstrate the principle [of ZPE extraction], but we were never
successful in scaling it up to useful levels. We're now working
on
various engineering embodiments to do that, but we're not there
yet."
This is a false lead and will never work in my opinion. I hope I
am
wrong of course.
This is the traveling wave tube invented by Ken Shoulders...
the paper talks about dark solitons etc.
Do you think it will never work or do you think that you would
explain it differently when it should work??
Berkant
Any charge cluster device depending only on weak VDW Casimir forces will never scale up to anything important
for NASA BPP as a matter of principle.
Dr. Ron Pandolfi thinks charge clusters in Puthoff's sense and Ken Shoulders' sense are only charged droplets of some kind (Hg?)
If Ron is wrong, if they are ~ 10^11 electrons then they must be glued together by my /\zpf < 0 positive zero point pressure "dark matter" field like single electrons are and like the stars in our galaxy are.
However, we do not know yet what these charge clusters really are it appears.
______________________________________________________________________
Message: 7
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 14:40:27 -0700
From: Jack Sarfatti
Subject: Re: Podkletnov Effect & Hunt For Zero Point Powered Flying Saucers 3
17. Trapped magnetic flux in stringy vortices in Type II phase where
(penetration depth/coherence length) > (square root of 2)^-1 (11)
is quantized in units hc/2e in the sense that Josephson interferometer
tunneling supercurrent potential effects vary as cosine [2pi (enclosed
Bohm-Aharonov magnetic flux)/(hc/2e)]
where js ~ sin(2piflux/quantum of flux)
18. I predict a similar effect in the metric engineering the fabric of
space-time geometry where starting from a weightless non-exotic vacuum
baseline
/\zpf(induced exotic vacuum in Chiao overlap region) ~ 2(Quantum of
Area)^1/2|Vacuum Coherence||Superconductor Coherence|cosine[2pi Sum of
(enclosed flux i/quantum of flux i)] (12)
Note that
/\zpf > 0 is a strong anti-gravity field (12a)
/\zpf < 0 is a strong gravity field (12b)
neither limited by G(Newton).
As shown by Herman Bondi in his "negative matter propulsion" and later
by Alcubierre, appropriate field configurations of both signs of /\zpf
will make a weightless warp drive i.e. "acceleration field" of Paul
Hill equivalent to the "G-Engine" of George Trimble described by Nick
Cook in "The Hunt For Zero Point."
There is no connection to the Casimir force here, which is a weak Van
Der Waals force that does not at all tap the vacuum energy reserve. The
zero point energy in the Casimir force is simply a catalyst to possibly
tap the small electric Van Der Waals electrical potential energy.
19. Gorkov in Moscow in 1959 associated the k-dependent energy gap with
the Landau-Ginzburg order parameter Psi or giant macro-quantum ground
state wave. We have two forms that must be proportional
London form:
Psi ~ (Condensate density)^1/2e^i(long-range coherent "rigid" phase)
(13a)
Gorkov form:
Psi(k) ~ (Energy Gap (k))^1/2e^iphase (13b)
20. Superconducting effects also found in large atomic nuclei in 1958
(A. Bohr), e.g. softening of rigid moment of inertia in rotating nuclei
as analog to Meissner effect. Note that a magnetic field is similar to
a vortex field in hydrodynamics.
21. He III superconductivity with triplet spin pairing in the L = 1
p-state.
This is more like my emergent gravity theory because
I. it is electrically neutral
II. J = L + S = 1 + 1 = 2, 1, 0 quantum rules for adding angular
momenta
Note J = 2 and J = 0 tensor and scalar 'graviton' states.
See also G.E. Volovik's recent book from Russia
"The Universe in a Helium Droplet"
My ideas were done before I saw Volovik's work, which has overlap with
my own on emergent gravity.
My electrically neutral virtual electron-positron pair condensate
should also be spin-triplet P state and also
spin singlet D state which only has J = 2.
22. Density of real quasi-particle excitations in the ground state is
random normal fluid.
Similarly the density of virtual quasi-particles inside the physical
vacuum are the random zero point vacuum fluctuations.
* The important new idea here is that the vacuum coherence is a
superfluid reservoir source and sink for these random zero point
virtual quasi-particles and this essentially explains the paradox of
the cosmological constant problem where the completely random value of
the cosmological constant (c^4/8piG) /\ in the large-scale structure of
the universe is off by 122 powers of ten, i.e random 10^115 ergs per cc
vs actually measured 10^-7 ergs/cc of residual zero point w =
pressure/(energy density) = -1 "dark energy" comparable to the critical
density needed to make 3D space flat on the large scale > 10^26 cm to
10^28 cm ~ c/Ho.
23. Arrow of time easily explained as an effect of the expansion of the
universe
i.e. Thermodynamic entropy of universe ~ kB(c/H(t))^2/4(Quantum of Area)
kB = Boltzmann's constant
typo-corrected below:
On Apr 12, 2004, at 9:37 AM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
14. 1957 non-perturbative BCS microscopic -> macroscopic ground state
instability from normal metal to superconductor (all "real" i.e.
"on-mass-shell" electron pairs).
15. One can never get Einstein's gravity in the virtual case of
electron-positron pair vacuum condensate, nor superconductivity in the
real case of on-mass-shell electron pairs in a macroscopically
occupied bound state.
16. Discovery of isotope effect in 1950 that normal to
superconductivity threshold critical temperature
Tc ~ (ionic mass)^-1/2
prompted H. Frohlich to show how electron-lattice coupling could lead
to an electron pair bound state overcoming Coulomb repulsion barrier.
However Frohlich did not get beyond perturbation theory, i.e. trapped
in micro-quantum regime. His student Shafroth in 1958 showed in more
detail why perturbation theory breaks down in "More is different"
emergence of qualitatively new physics not seen in the substratum. BCS
had already done their model by then.
Bardeen in 1955 realized the need for the energy gap in the
quasi-particle excitations above the superconducting ground state.
The normal metal correlation energy is 1 ev per electron, but the free
energy difference between the normal metal and superconducting phases
is only 10^-6 ev per electron.
Landau's "Fermi liquid" theory came to the rescue.
Cooper 1956 found that a bound state condensate forms no matter how
weak the net attraction between the electrons in a single pair is. The
pair is a boson in its center of mass motion, which is where the
macro-quantum condensate forms. That particular dynamical degree of
freedom is immune to environnmental decoherence by "phase rigidity" or
"long-range coherence", which in other applications of the same
general idea corresponds to Ed Witten's "string tension" and the dual
loop gravity quantum of area in the holographic universe.
Schrieffer in 1957 wrote the key toy model "pair Hamiltonian" in
second-quantized notation for the creation bk* and destruction bk' of
the electron pairs in momentum hk space using the globally flat
space-time Fourier transform.
The effective superconducting "attractive" coupling ~ sum over k and
k' of Vkk'bk*bk'
There is also a normal Landau fermi liquid metal single-quasi particle
term ~ eknk in the Hamiltonian that vanishes in the ground state where
there are no Landau liquid quasi-particles.
There is a large overlap of pair wave functions, which, because of
Pauli exclusion, is not good for macro-occupation. Nevertheless this
obstacle was not crucial.
The Hamiltonian determines the time-evolution of the dynamical system.
Schrieffer constructed the needed ground state pair macro-quantum
ground state wave
Psi = Product over wave numbers k (uk + vkb*k)|0> (5)
where |0> is the normal metal unpaired ground state
b*k creates a back-to-back EPR correlated electron-electron pair in
orbital s-wave (L = 0) the spin singlet (anti-parallel spins)
with Born probability |vk|^2
|uk|^2 + |vk|^2 = 1 conservation of probability (6)
Variational principle provides the non-perturbative math technique to
get the "More is different" emergence of new collective order to find
the lower energy "true vacuum" (essentially same idea as in chaotic
inflationary cosmology with gravity and dark energy/matter emergent).
The self-consistent constraint is on the Fourier k-transform of the
energy gap for the quasi-particle excitations of the superconducting
ground state (e.g real lepto-quarks in the emergent gravity problem)
(Gap)k = Sum over k'Vkk'(Gap)k'/2Ek' (7)
with probability of pair creation
|vk|^2 = (1/2)[1 - ek/Ek) (8)
ek is the normal metal quasi-particle excitation energy relative to
the chemical potential.
Ek is the superconducting metal quasi-particle excitation energy above
the superconducting ground state whose "on-mass-shell" propagator pole
constraint is
(Ek)^2 = (ek)^2 + (Gapk)^2 (9)
which looks a bit like we are getting special relativity out of
Galilean relativity if (Gap)k is insensitive to k and if the initial
normal metal elementary excitations was massless. What we have here is
the first "Higgs mechanism" for the origin of inertia where the Gap is
the rest mass.
Note that the Haisch-Rueda-Puthoff approach to this same problem is
ill-posed in my opinion and is another false lead. Nambu investigated
this many years ago.
The bound state energy of a single pair obeys the nonanalytic
nonperturbative relation
Gap ~ Bound state energy of pair ~ kTc ~ hbar(Debye lattice
frequency)e^-1/(Density of single-electron states at Fermi surface of
normal metal)(pair interaction energy) (10)
Note that in the quantum gravity case
hbar(Debye frequency of spin network lattice) ~ 10^19 Gev perhaps,
i.e. -> 10^115 ergs/cc Planck random zero point energy density when
vacuum coherence = 0 and Gap energy ~ lepto-quark mass ~ 1 mev.
Baryon mass of 1Gev from confined zero point bag energy in sense of
"QED Lite".
to be continued
On Apr 11, 2004, at 10:23 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
OK first a brief history of superconductivity (RMP, 1999 Schreiffer &
Tinkham)
1. Discovered in 1911 by H. Kamerlingh Onnes in Leiden 3 years after
he liquified helium.
Electrical resistance of lead, mercury, tin and aluminium disappeared
completely in a narrow
temperature range at a critical temperature Tc near absolute zero.
2. Meissner & Ochsenfeld (1933) perfect diamagnetism i.e. expulsion
of magnetic flux from bulk of the superconductor.
3. F. and H. London's 1935 explanation of the above as caused by a
giant "macro" quantum ground state density of electrons in the
superconductive phase of the metal where the macro-quantum
supercurrent density 3-vector Js obeys
Js = -(c/4pi(penetration depth)^2)EM Vector Potential (1)
in a special gauge.
penetration depth = [(rest energy of electron)/4pi(macro-quantum
density of superconducting electrons)(charge)^2]^1/2 (2)
The time derivative of (1) gives zero electrical resistance and the
curl of (1) gives the expulsion of magnetic flux using standard
Maxwell equations of the classical applied electromagnetic field in
the static limit.
4. The superconducting electron density -> 0 at the critical
temperature Tc as in Landau's theory of 2nd order phase transitions
in thermal equilibrium strictly dead matter.
5. Landau and Ginzburg 1950 using Landau's theory of 2nd order phase
transitions add the long-range coherent giant quantum wave phase to
the London idea of intensity of superconducting electron density. We
now have both an amplitude and phase of a giant local wave with
nonlocal long-range coherence that Landau and Ginzburg in Moscow
under Stalin's tyranny called the "order parameter" Psi.
The L-G version of (1) was
Js = e|Psi|^2vs (3)
m*vs = hbarGrad(phase of giant wave) - 2eA/c (4)
This is gauge invariant.
A = EM vector potential
6. i.e. Giant macro-quantum ground state wave in modern notation Psi
= <0|phi|0> ~ (density of superconducting electrons)^1/2e^i(coherent
hologram phase).
7. Landau and Ginzburg in 1950 showed that the giant macro-quantum
ground state coherent hologram wave forming the superconductor obeyed
a nonlinear replacement for the linear Schrodinger equation of
micro-quantum theory.
8. "More is different" (coined in 1967 by P.W. Anderson).
9. Gorkov in 1959 related the Landau-Ginzburg model to the
microscopic BCS model of the mid-1950s after Einstein's death in
1955.
10. Pippard in 1953 from data showed one needed a second coherence
length for the scale of change of Psi in space in addition to the
penetration depth. The superconducting electron density was smaller
than the normal metal electron density.
11. Bardeen in 1956 showed that the Pippard coherence length implied
a nonlocal electrodynamics inside the superconductor, and that this
required an "energy gap" in the spectrum of single-particle
elementary excitations above the superconducting ground state.
12. The BCS (1957) microscopic quantum -> macro-quantum
non-perturbative ground state instability gave such an energy gap in
a self-consistent way that H. Frohlich was not able to find using
only micro-quantum perturbation theory. Frohlich was the first to
realize that the experimental data on the isotope effect in
superconductors demanded a net electron-electron attraction from a
retarded electron-phonon interaction with the crystal lattice of the
superconductor. BCS took Frohlich's idea beyond perturbation theory,
indeed beyond micro-quantum theory! This was the first example of
micro -> macro "More is different" emergence of qualitatively new
physical properties from a lower-level substratum.
* Both Einstein's gravity with precision cosmology's antigravity
cosmic field of dark energy and gravitating dark matter are such
emergent properties as is our own consciousness in the electric
dipoles of the microtubules. These nano-scale electric dipoles are
single-electron transistors and their collective
far-from-thermal-equilibrium Frohlich modes separate from the thermal
bath and are protected against environmental decoherence by their
holographic long-range phase stability sustained by a sufficiently
large energy flow "pump" like in a laser.
13. The coherence length is inversely proportional to the energy gap.
The ratio of penetration depth to coherence length is important. When
this ratio is > (square root of 2)^-1 Type II strings of trapped
quantized magnetic flux vortex lines form. This is the first "string
theory."
to be continued
On Apr 11, 2004, at 9:15 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
I did some more checking of the history.
If Einstein had read Landau and Ginzburg's 1950 paper
extending the F& H London's (1935) giant quantum wave theory of
superconductivity
then yes Einstein could have done Modanese's
calculation almost 50 years before Modanese did it.
Possible, but not likely.
On Apr 11, 2004, at 8:50 PM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
On Apr 11, 2004, at 9:13 PM, sonata wrote:
I've read Modanese's paper. Thing is Einstein's
notes from 1952 read the same.
Interesting if true, but unlikely
1. The Landau-Ginzburg theory of the superconductor was not well
known in 1952!
True first Landau-Ginzburg paper was in 1950.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginzburg-Landau_theory
Hence small chance Einstein connected those dots in 1952, but I am
skeptical.
Most of the insights into superconductivity did not happen until
after Einstein's death.
Maybe Modanese stole
them from the Einstein Family which still keeps thousands
of Einstein's personal notes which have never been published.
Many more pages are still locked away in the Archives....Rmc
...
Modanese's work is interesting and relevant to the alleged
Podkletnov effect described by Nick Cook
"The Hunt For Zero Point"
Modanese uses only first order perturbation theory and shows that
the Landau-Ginzburg superconducting order parameter i.e.
<0|phi|0> ~ |BCS energy gap|^1/2 e^i(long-range coherent phase)
BCS energy gap for a single bound real electron-electron pair ~
|condensate pair wave function|^2
and shows that the superconductor giant quantum wave acts like a
cosmological constant term in the Einstein-Hilbert action for the
pure gravity field in vacuum only in the region of space-time where
the superconducting giant quantum wave does not vanish obviously.
Modanese, however, does not derive the Einstein-Hilbert action from
another analogous giant vacuum wave the way I do in the sense first
suggested by Andrei Sakharov in Moscow in 1967.
However, adding my vacuum coherence wave to Modanese's real
superconducting coherence wave gives a Josephson interferometer
analog effect, which I do think is the basic "metric engineering"
effect that we seem to be seeing in the flying saucer data.
Jack Sarfatti wrote:
Actually Boylan's quote is a garbled version of what I wrote
describing a model of Giovanni Modanese's for how a real
superconductor wave will modify space-time geometry like in the
alleged "Podkletnov effect."
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Message: 8
Date: Mon, 12 Apr 2004 16:09:19 -0700
From: Jack Sarfatti
Subject: Re: Higgs condensate origin of Einstein gravity
Thanks I will read it anon. Certainly looks relevant.
I want it clear for the record that I had not read any large number
papers in the field,
but developed my ideas out of my debate with Harold Puthoff on
his PV gravity model and his idea with Haisch and Rueda on the
EM zero point origin of inertia as shown in the record in my
two books published in 2002 (on Amazon). I do not think they have
correctly
implemented Sakharov's idea.
I was also driven by the discovery of dark energy, which Hal has still
not mentioned in his recent interview by Aviation Week March 1, 2004
as well as the UFO data like Cornet's "reverse Doppler effect" and
Kleinert's world crystal elastic theory. Susskind's hologram also
played a role - all in a Bohmian version of Wheeler's "IT FROM BIT."
On Apr 12, 2004, at 3:03 PM, Gary S. Bekkum wrote:
Hi Jack,
Curious if you have surveyed the archives for papers on Higgs
generation of
gravity?
In my theory the Higgs type intensity field creates both w = -1 dark
energy and w = -1 dark matter (that mimics w = 0 CDM). The Goldstone
type phase coherent field creates the tetrad and hence Einstein's
gravity guv field where the quantum of area is the conversion factor
between IT and BIT.
example:
A connection between gravity and the Higgs field
http://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/0204106
Authors: M. Consoli
Comments: 38 pages, Latex file
Several arguments suggest that an effective curved space-time
structure (of
the type as in General Relativity) can actually find its dynamical
origin in
an underlying condensed medium of spinless quanta. For this reason, we
exploit the recent idea of density fluctuations in a `Higgs
condensate' with
the conclusion that such long-wavelength effects might represent the
natural
dynamical agent of gravity.
garysbekkum@hotmail.com
My condensed virtual fermion pairs can be J = 2 d wave spin singlets,
also J = 2 p-wave spin triplets as well as J = 0 s-wave spin singlet
and several J = 1 contributions.
The false vacuum will not support ANY real massive quanta! This is
important. You only get real quanta i.e. lepto-quarks in the true
vacuum in accord with Wheeler's "Mass without mass" as Bohm IT "hidden
variables."
This is the real zero point origin of inertia not what Haish, Rueda and
Puthoff & Co are incoherently espousing.
The pop media are telling the public a seriously distorted story about
our Destiny Ad Astra.
[gr-qc/0306105] Modern Michelson-Morley experiments and
gravitationally-induced anisotropy of c
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, abstract
gr-qc/0306105
http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0306105
From: "Zappala' Dario" [view email]
Date: Mon, 23 Jun 2003 14:10:09 GMT (8kb)
Modern Michelson-Morley experiments and gravitationally-induced
anisotropy
of c
Authors: M. Consoli
Comments: Latex file, 9 pages, no figures
The recent, precise Michelson-Morley experiment performed by Muller et
al.
suggests a tiny anisotropy of the speed of light. I propose a
quantitative
explanation of the observed effect based on the interpretation of
gravity as
a density fluctuation of the Higgs condensate.
Full-text: PostScript, PDF, or Other formats
References and citations for this submission:
SLAC-SPIRES HEP (refers to , cited by, arXiv reformatted);
CiteBase (autonomous citation navigation and analysis)
Which authors of this paper are endorsers?
Links to: arXiv, gr-qc, /find, /abs (-/+), /0306, ?
Hal's PV model of gravity is wrong for many reasons that I detailed in my book
Space-Time and Beyond II (2002) available from Amazon and all major on-line book stores and any book store on order.
I will have more to say about Hal's errors in the theoretical physics of zero point energy and gravity in "Super Cosmos" in my
discussion of Nick Cook's "The Hunt for Zero Point" and Aviation Week's March 1, 2004 "To The Stars" propaganda puff piece with no mention at all of the 1999-2003 Type 1a supernovae "accelerating universe" discovery of the anti-gravity field of 'dark energy" as ~ 3/4 of the large-scale stuff of the Universe. That is a lot of egg on the face of Aviation Week due directly to Hal Puthoff's less than candid interview where he hid the most important information because he would have had to credit me for it. For the record, my two books in 2002 show that I was the first to connect the dots between the discovery of dark energy and the quest for George Trimble's "G-Engine" in 1956, i.e. NASA BPP and all that. Hal Puthoff to this moment has not connected those dots and has not properly cited me for it.
But now for some precise technical points:
1. Hal bases his PV model on the well-known limited fragmentary superficial analogy of Einstein's gravity theory to the propagation of light in a dielectric medium.
A dielectric is an emergent collective physical system illustrating P.W. Anderson's "More is different" so that gravity must be emergent in the dielectric picture in Andrei Sakharov's sense from 1967.
Hal pays lip service to that, but in his PV papers has no explicit discussion of how that comes about.
When Hal thinks about "zero point energy" he does so in a very limited way thinking only of the 2 far field transverse polarizations of the electromagnetic field.
He does not include the near field longitudinal mode relevant to all the "Tesla" talk on the WEB.
Hal also does not include the all-important virtual electron-positron(hole) pairs in the Fermi sea whose negative energy "beach front" is at -mc^2.
How ironic since in QED it is precisely these off-mass-shell pairs that make the PV (Polarized Vacuum) corrections. Hence, there is no PV in Hal's PV! ;-)
We need the lepto-quarks as a whole and all the gauge force bosons ultimately.
It is important for all of you to understand that both Einstein's gravity and the unified field of both anti-gravitating dark energy and gravitating dark matter ALL EMERGE from the giant vacuum wave of the virtual electron-positron pairs. Each virtual pair is glued together into a bound state by the virtual longitudinal photon that Hal & Co (including Haisch, Rueda, Marshall, Cole and maybe Maclay?) all neglect! The centers of mass of these pairs all macroscopically occupy the same single-boson wavepacket that extends over the entire universe. Of course bound-state virtual pairs are continually created and destroyed, as demanded by Heisenberg, into and out of this smooth coherent vacuum superfluid and it is this random "normal fluid" noise on the coherent signal that is the /\zpf field of both dark energy and dark matter with Einstein's smooth gravity from the "rigid" coherent phase field of the superfluid. The ebb and flow into and out of the vacuum condensate enforce the "phase rigidity" or "space-time stiffness" or "string tension" complementary to Andrei Sakharov's "metric elasticity." Puthoff has none of these ideas in any of his writings on the subject of metric engineering of NASA BPP objectives Ad Astra.
The analogy is to neutral HeIII fermion-pair superfluid worked out independently of me by G.E. Volovik and endorsed by J. Bjorken at SLAC.
Puthoff & Co's physics is simpler than is possible in Einstein's sense. It is not "bogus," but it is "bad."
Hal has no understanding of what I mean by "vacuum coherence" and he has never used the idea in any of his papers relevant to the Aviation Week article on March 1, 2004.
Space-Time and Beyond II (2002) available from Amazon and all major on-line book stores and any book store on order.
I will have more to say about Hal's errors in the theoretical physics of zero point energy and gravity in "Super Cosmos" in my
discussion of Nick Cook's "The Hunt for Zero Point" and Aviation Week's March 1, 2004 "To The Stars" propaganda puff piece with no mention at all of the 1999-2003 Type 1a supernovae "accelerating universe" discovery of the anti-gravity field of 'dark energy" as ~ 3/4 of the large-scale stuff of the Universe. That is a lot of egg on the face of Aviation Week due directly to Hal Puthoff's less than candid interview where he hid the most important information because he would have had to credit me for it. For the record, my two books in 2002 show that I was the first to connect the dots between the discovery of dark energy and the quest for George Trimble's "G-Engine" in 1956, i.e. NASA BPP and all that. Hal Puthoff to this moment has not connected those dots and has not properly cited me for it.
But now for some precise technical points:
1. Hal bases his PV model on the well-known limited fragmentary superficial analogy of Einstein's gravity theory to the propagation of light in a dielectric medium.
A dielectric is an emergent collective physical system illustrating P.W. Anderson's "More is different" so that gravity must be emergent in the dielectric picture in Andrei Sakharov's sense from 1967.
Hal pays lip service to that, but in his PV papers has no explicit discussion of how that comes about.
When Hal thinks about "zero point energy" he does so in a very limited way thinking only of the 2 far field transverse polarizations of the electromagnetic field.
He does not include the near field longitudinal mode relevant to all the "Tesla" talk on the WEB.
Hal also does not include the all-important virtual electron-positron(hole) pairs in the Fermi sea whose negative energy "beach front" is at -mc^2.
How ironic since in QED it is precisely these off-mass-shell pairs that make the PV (Polarized Vacuum) corrections. Hence, there is no PV in Hal's PV! ;-)
We need the lepto-quarks as a whole and all the gauge force bosons ultimately.
It is important for all of you to understand that both Einstein's gravity and the unified field of both anti-gravitating dark energy and gravitating dark matter ALL EMERGE from the giant vacuum wave of the virtual electron-positron pairs. Each virtual pair is glued together into a bound state by the virtual longitudinal photon that Hal & Co (including Haisch, Rueda, Marshall, Cole and maybe Maclay?) all neglect! The centers of mass of these pairs all macroscopically occupy the same single-boson wavepacket that extends over the entire universe. Of course bound-state virtual pairs are continually created and destroyed, as demanded by Heisenberg, into and out of this smooth coherent vacuum superfluid and it is this random "normal fluid" noise on the coherent signal that is the /\zpf field of both dark energy and dark matter with Einstein's smooth gravity from the "rigid" coherent phase field of the superfluid. The ebb and flow into and out of the vacuum condensate enforce the "phase rigidity" or "space-time stiffness" or "string tension" complementary to Andrei Sakharov's "metric elasticity." Puthoff has none of these ideas in any of his writings on the subject of metric engineering of NASA BPP objectives Ad Astra.
The analogy is to neutral HeIII fermion-pair superfluid worked out independently of me by G.E. Volovik and endorsed by J. Bjorken at SLAC.
Puthoff & Co's physics is simpler than is possible in Einstein's sense. It is not "bogus," but it is "bad."
Hal has no understanding of what I mean by "vacuum coherence" and he has never used the idea in any of his papers relevant to the Aviation Week article on March 1, 2004.
Monday, April 12, 2004
24. Type II superconductors: Abrikosov 1957 (Einstein dead for 2 years)
Type I superconductors like tin and lead have
kappa = penetration depth of magnetic field/coherence length < (square root 2)^-1
they have a first-order phase transition like water-ice in the exclusion of magnetic flux from the bulk passing through the critical magnetic field Hc.
In contrast Type II above a lower magnetic critical field Hc1 allow a regular lattice of stringy vortices with trapped quantized fluxes. Each trapped magnetic flux tube surrounded by circulating supercurrent vortex field. There is a second order phase transition at an upper critical magnetic field Hc2.
Hc2^2/8pi is the free energy density difference between normal and superconducting phases. Hc2 is large and this has technological importance in the design of cryogenically-operated powerful superconducting solenoids.
25. 1986 discovery of high Tc sc, which do not fit the simple BCS model above.
26. Flying saucer fuselages appear to be smart nano-engineered thin really high Tc superconductors that are also probably conscious AI post-quantum computers able to generate the /\zpf fields inside their thin volumes that allow "acceleration field" (Paul Hill) "G-Engine" (George Trimble, 1956) weightless warp drive with tiny g-forces and tiny tidal forces in the interior of the ship. These ships will show a reverse Doppler effect from the strong anti-gravity dark energy layer expanding space in the stern and the strongly gravitating dark matter layer contracting space in the bow. The distribution of /\zpf is like the Trace(K) computer simulation in Alcubierre's warp drive paper whose picture of space curvature is shown in http://www.npl.washington.edu/AV/altvw81.html
Note that the exotic vacuum zero point energy pumped Einstein gravity field equation is
Guv + /\zpfguv = 0
So that Alcubierre's space curvature related quantity Trace(K) should be not too different from the /\zpf distribution.
Therefore, completely opposite to the motional Doppler shift, any signal reaching you from the bow will be gravity red-shifted and any signal reaching you from the stern will be anti-gravity blue-shifted!
Indeed, the ship can stand still and fool motional Doppler radars into thinking it is moving as in Jacques Vallee's "Fastwalker" "novel."
*One can also use this as a stealth cloaking quite obviously.
Type I superconductors like tin and lead have
kappa = penetration depth of magnetic field/coherence length < (square root 2)^-1
they have a first-order phase transition like water-ice in the exclusion of magnetic flux from the bulk passing through the critical magnetic field Hc.
In contrast Type II above a lower magnetic critical field Hc1 allow a regular lattice of stringy vortices with trapped quantized fluxes. Each trapped magnetic flux tube surrounded by circulating supercurrent vortex field. There is a second order phase transition at an upper critical magnetic field Hc2.
Hc2^2/8pi is the free energy density difference between normal and superconducting phases. Hc2 is large and this has technological importance in the design of cryogenically-operated powerful superconducting solenoids.
25. 1986 discovery of high Tc sc, which do not fit the simple BCS model above.
26. Flying saucer fuselages appear to be smart nano-engineered thin really high Tc superconductors that are also probably conscious AI post-quantum computers able to generate the /\zpf fields inside their thin volumes that allow "acceleration field" (Paul Hill) "G-Engine" (George Trimble, 1956) weightless warp drive with tiny g-forces and tiny tidal forces in the interior of the ship. These ships will show a reverse Doppler effect from the strong anti-gravity dark energy layer expanding space in the stern and the strongly gravitating dark matter layer contracting space in the bow. The distribution of /\zpf is like the Trace(K) computer simulation in Alcubierre's warp drive paper whose picture of space curvature is shown in http://www.npl.washington.edu/AV/altvw81.html
Note that the exotic vacuum zero point energy pumped Einstein gravity field equation is
Guv + /\zpfguv = 0
So that Alcubierre's space curvature related quantity Trace(K) should be not too different from the /\zpf distribution.
Therefore, completely opposite to the motional Doppler shift, any signal reaching you from the bow will be gravity red-shifted and any signal reaching you from the stern will be anti-gravity blue-shifted!
Indeed, the ship can stand still and fool motional Doppler radars into thinking it is moving as in Jacques Vallee's "Fastwalker" "novel."
*One can also use this as a stealth cloaking quite obviously.
17. Trapped magnetic flux in stringy vortices in Type II phase where
(penetration depth/coherence length) > (square root of 2)^-1 (11)
is quantized in units hc/2e in the sense that Josephson interferometer tunneling supercurrent potential effects vary as cosine [2pi (enclosed Bohm-Aharonov magnetic flux)/(hc/2e)]
where js ~ sin(2piflux/quantum of flux)
18. I predict a similar effect in the metric engineering the fabric of space-time geometry where starting from a weightless non-exotic vacuum baseline
/\zpf(induced exotic vacuum in Chiao overlap region) ~ 2(Quantum of Area)^1/2|Vacuum Coherence||Superconductor Coherence|cosine[2pi Sum of (enclosed flux i/quantum of flux i)] (12)
Note that
/\zpf > 0 is a strong anti-gravity field (12a)
/\zpf < 0 is a strong gravity field (12b)
neither limited by G(Newton).
As shown by Herman Bondi in his "negative matter propulsion" and later by Alcubierre, appropriate field configurations of both signs of /\zpf will make a weightless warp drive i.e. "acceleration field" of Paul Hill equivalent to the "G-Engine" of George Trimble described by Nick Cook in "The Hunt For Zero Point."
There is no connection to the Casimir force here, which is a weak Van Der Waals force that does not at all tap the vacuum energy reserve. The zero point energy in the Casimir force is simply a catalyst to possibly tap the small electric Van Der Waals electrical potential energy.
19. Gorkov in Moscow in 1959 associated the k-dependent energy gap with the Landau-Ginzburg order parameter Psi or giant macro-quantum ground state wave. We have two forms that must be proportional
London form:
Psi ~ (Condensate density)^1/2e^i(long-range coherent "rigid" phase) (13a)
Gorkov form:
Psi(k) ~ (Energy Gap (k))^1/2e^iphase (13b)
20. Superconducting effects also found in large atomic nuclei in 1958 (A. Bohr), e.g. softening of rigid moment of inertia in rotating nuclei as analog to Meissner effect. Note that a magnetic field is similar to a vortex field in hydrodynamics.
21. He III superconductivity with triplet spin pairing in the L = 1 p-state.
This is more like my emergent gravity theory because
I. it is electrically neutral
II. J = L + S = 1 + 1 = 2, 1, 0 quantum rules for adding angular momenta
Note J = 2 and J = 0 tensor and scalar 'graviton' states.
See also G.E. Volovik's recent book from Russia
"The Universe in a Helium Droplet"
My ideas were done before I saw Volovik's work, which has overlap with my own on emergent gravity.
My electrically neutral virtual electron-positron pair condensate should also be spin-triplet P state and also
spin singlet D state which only has J = 2.
22. Density of real quasi-particle excitations in the ground state is random normal fluid.
Similarly the density of virtual quasi-particles inside the physical vacuum are the random zero point vacuum fluctuations.
* The important new idea here is that the vacuum coherence is a superfluid reservoir source and sink for these random zero point virtual quasi-particles and this essentially explains the paradox of the cosmological constant problem where the completely random value of the cosmological constant (c^4/8piG) /\ in the large-scale structure of the universe is off by 122 powers of ten, i.e random 10^115 ergs per cc vs actually measured 10^-7 ergs/cc of residual zero point w = pressure/(energy density) = -1 "dark energy" comparable to the critical density needed to make 3D space flat on the large scale > 10^26 cm to 10^28 cm ~ c/Ho.
23. Arrow of time easily explained as an effect of the expansion of the universe
i.e. Thermodynamic entropy of universe ~ kB(c/H(t))^2/4(Quantum of Area)
kB = Boltzmann's constant
(penetration depth/coherence length) > (square root of 2)^-1 (11)
is quantized in units hc/2e in the sense that Josephson interferometer tunneling supercurrent potential effects vary as cosine [2pi (enclosed Bohm-Aharonov magnetic flux)/(hc/2e)]
where js ~ sin(2piflux/quantum of flux)
18. I predict a similar effect in the metric engineering the fabric of space-time geometry where starting from a weightless non-exotic vacuum baseline
/\zpf(induced exotic vacuum in Chiao overlap region) ~ 2(Quantum of Area)^1/2|Vacuum Coherence||Superconductor Coherence|cosine[2pi Sum of (enclosed flux i/quantum of flux i)] (12)
Note that
/\zpf > 0 is a strong anti-gravity field (12a)
/\zpf < 0 is a strong gravity field (12b)
neither limited by G(Newton).
As shown by Herman Bondi in his "negative matter propulsion" and later by Alcubierre, appropriate field configurations of both signs of /\zpf will make a weightless warp drive i.e. "acceleration field" of Paul Hill equivalent to the "G-Engine" of George Trimble described by Nick Cook in "The Hunt For Zero Point."
There is no connection to the Casimir force here, which is a weak Van Der Waals force that does not at all tap the vacuum energy reserve. The zero point energy in the Casimir force is simply a catalyst to possibly tap the small electric Van Der Waals electrical potential energy.
19. Gorkov in Moscow in 1959 associated the k-dependent energy gap with the Landau-Ginzburg order parameter Psi or giant macro-quantum ground state wave. We have two forms that must be proportional
London form:
Psi ~ (Condensate density)^1/2e^i(long-range coherent "rigid" phase) (13a)
Gorkov form:
Psi(k) ~ (Energy Gap (k))^1/2e^iphase (13b)
20. Superconducting effects also found in large atomic nuclei in 1958 (A. Bohr), e.g. softening of rigid moment of inertia in rotating nuclei as analog to Meissner effect. Note that a magnetic field is similar to a vortex field in hydrodynamics.
21. He III superconductivity with triplet spin pairing in the L = 1 p-state.
This is more like my emergent gravity theory because
I. it is electrically neutral
II. J = L + S = 1 + 1 = 2, 1, 0 quantum rules for adding angular momenta
Note J = 2 and J = 0 tensor and scalar 'graviton' states.
See also G.E. Volovik's recent book from Russia
"The Universe in a Helium Droplet"
My ideas were done before I saw Volovik's work, which has overlap with my own on emergent gravity.
My electrically neutral virtual electron-positron pair condensate should also be spin-triplet P state and also
spin singlet D state which only has J = 2.
22. Density of real quasi-particle excitations in the ground state is random normal fluid.
Similarly the density of virtual quasi-particles inside the physical vacuum are the random zero point vacuum fluctuations.
* The important new idea here is that the vacuum coherence is a superfluid reservoir source and sink for these random zero point virtual quasi-particles and this essentially explains the paradox of the cosmological constant problem where the completely random value of the cosmological constant (c^4/8piG) /\ in the large-scale structure of the universe is off by 122 powers of ten, i.e random 10^115 ergs per cc vs actually measured 10^-7 ergs/cc of residual zero point w = pressure/(energy density) = -1 "dark energy" comparable to the critical density needed to make 3D space flat on the large scale > 10^26 cm to 10^28 cm ~ c/Ho.
23. Arrow of time easily explained as an effect of the expansion of the universe
i.e. Thermodynamic entropy of universe ~ kB(c/H(t))^2/4(Quantum of Area)
kB = Boltzmann's constant
On Apr 12, 2004, at 9:37 AM, Jack Sarfatti wrote:
14. 1957 non-perturbative BCS microscopic -> macroscopic ground state instability from normal metal to superconductor (all "real" i.e. "on-mass-shell" electron pairs).
15. One can never get Einstein's gravity in the virtual case of electron-positron pair vacuum condensate, nor superconductivity in the real case of on-mass-shell electron pairs in a macroscopically occupied bound state.
16. Discovery of isotope effect in 1950 that normal to superconductivity threshold critical temperature
Tc ~ (ionic mass)^-1/2
prompted H. Frohlich to show how electron-lattice coupling could lead to an electron pair bound state overcoming Coulomb repulsion barrier. However Frohlich did not get beyond perturbation theory, i.e. trapped in micro-quantum regime. His student Shafroth in 1958 showed in more detail why perturbation theory breaks down in "More is different" emergence of qualitatively new physics not seen in the substratum. BCS had already done their model by then.
Bardeen in 1955 realized the need for the energy gap in the quasi-particle excitations above the superconducting ground state.
The normal metal correlation energy is 1 ev per electron, but the free energy difference between the normal metal and superconducting phases is only 10^-6 ev per electron.
Landau's "Fermi liquid" theory came to the rescue.
Cooper 1956 found that a bound state condensate forms no matter how weak the net attraction between the electrons in a single pair is. The pair is a boson in its center of mass motion, which is where the macro-quantum condensate forms. That particular dynamical degree of freedom is immune to environnmental decoherence by "phase rigidity" or "long-range coherence", which in other applications of the same general idea corresponds to Ed Witten's "string tension" and the dual loop gravity quantum of area in the holographic universe.
Schrieffer in 1957 wrote the key toy model "pair Hamiltonian" in second-quantized notation for the creation bk* and destruction bk' of the electron pairs in momentum hk space using the globally flat space-time Fourier transform.
The effective superconducting "attractive" coupling ~ sum over k and k' of Vkk'bk*bk'
There is also a normal Landau fermi liquid metal single-quasi particle term ~ eknk in the Hamiltonian that vanishes in the ground state where there are no Landau liquid quasi-particles.
There is a large overlap of pair wave functions, which, because of Pauli exclusion, is not good for macro-occupation. Nevertheless this obstacle was not crucial.
The Hamiltonian determines the time-evolution of the dynamical system.
Schrieffer constructed the needed ground state pair macro-quantum ground state wave
Psi = Product over wave numbers k (uk + vkb*k)|0> (5)
where |0> is the normal metal unpaired ground state
b*k creates a back-to-back EPR correlated electron-electron pair in orbital s-wave (L = 0) the spin singlet (anti-parallel spins)
with Born probability |vk|^2
|uk|^2 + |vk|^2 = 1 conservation of probability (6)
Variational principle provides the non-perturbative math technique to get the "More is different" emergence of new collective order to find the lower energy "true vacuum" (essentially same idea as in chaotic inflationary cosmology with gravity and dark energy/matter emergent). The self-consistent constraint is on the Fourier k-transform of the energy gap for the quasi-particle excitations of the superconducting ground state (e.g real lepto-quarks in the emergent gravity problem)
(Gap)k = Sum over k'Vkk'(Gap)k'/2Ek' (7)
with probability of pair creation
|vk|^2 = (1/2)[1 - ek/Ek)
ek is the normal metal quasi-particle excitation energy relative to the chemical potential
Ek is the superconducting metal quasi-particle excitation energy above the superconducting ground state whose "on-mass-shell" propagator pole constraint is
Ek^2 = ek^2 + (Gap)k^2
which looks a bit like we are getting special relativity out of Galilean relativity if (Gap)k is insensitive to k and if the initial normal metal elementary excitations was massless. What we have here is the first "Higgs mechanism" for the origin of inertia where the Gap is the rest mass. Note that the Haisch-Rueda-Puthoff approach to this same problem is ill-posed in my opinion and is another false lead. Nambu investigated this many years ago.
The bound state energy of a single pair obeys the nonanalytic nonperturbative relation
Gap ~ Bound state energy of pair ~ kTc ~ hbar(Debye lattice frequency)e^-1/(Density of single-electron states at Fermi surface of normal metal)(pair interaction energy)
Note that in the quantum gravity case
hbar(Debye frequency of spin network lattice) ~ 10^19 Gev perhaps, i.e. -> 10^115 ergs/cc Planck random zero point energy density when vacuum coherence = 0 and Gap energy ~ lepto-quark mass ~ 1 mev.
Baryon mass of 1Gev from confined zero point bag energy in sense of "QED Lite".
14. 1957 non-perturbative BCS microscopic -> macroscopic ground state instability from normal metal to superconductor (all "real" i.e. "on-mass-shell" electron pairs).
15. One can never get Einstein's gravity in the virtual case of electron-positron pair vacuum condensate, nor superconductivity in the real case of on-mass-shell electron pairs in a macroscopically occupied bound state.
16. Discovery of isotope effect in 1950 that normal to superconductivity threshold critical temperature
Tc ~ (ionic mass)^-1/2
prompted H. Frohlich to show how electron-lattice coupling could lead to an electron pair bound state overcoming Coulomb repulsion barrier. However Frohlich did not get beyond perturbation theory, i.e. trapped in micro-quantum regime. His student Shafroth in 1958 showed in more detail why perturbation theory breaks down in "More is different" emergence of qualitatively new physics not seen in the substratum. BCS had already done their model by then.
Bardeen in 1955 realized the need for the energy gap in the quasi-particle excitations above the superconducting ground state.
The normal metal correlation energy is 1 ev per electron, but the free energy difference between the normal metal and superconducting phases is only 10^-6 ev per electron.
Landau's "Fermi liquid" theory came to the rescue.
Cooper 1956 found that a bound state condensate forms no matter how weak the net attraction between the electrons in a single pair is. The pair is a boson in its center of mass motion, which is where the macro-quantum condensate forms. That particular dynamical degree of freedom is immune to environnmental decoherence by "phase rigidity" or "long-range coherence", which in other applications of the same general idea corresponds to Ed Witten's "string tension" and the dual loop gravity quantum of area in the holographic universe.
Schrieffer in 1957 wrote the key toy model "pair Hamiltonian" in second-quantized notation for the creation bk* and destruction bk' of the electron pairs in momentum hk space using the globally flat space-time Fourier transform.
The effective superconducting "attractive" coupling ~ sum over k and k' of Vkk'bk*bk'
There is also a normal Landau fermi liquid metal single-quasi particle term ~ eknk in the Hamiltonian that vanishes in the ground state where there are no Landau liquid quasi-particles.
There is a large overlap of pair wave functions, which, because of Pauli exclusion, is not good for macro-occupation. Nevertheless this obstacle was not crucial.
The Hamiltonian determines the time-evolution of the dynamical system.
Schrieffer constructed the needed ground state pair macro-quantum ground state wave
Psi = Product over wave numbers k (uk + vkb*k)|0> (5)
where |0> is the normal metal unpaired ground state
b*k creates a back-to-back EPR correlated electron-electron pair in orbital s-wave (L = 0) the spin singlet (anti-parallel spins)
with Born probability |vk|^2
|uk|^2 + |vk|^2 = 1 conservation of probability (6)
Variational principle provides the non-perturbative math technique to get the "More is different" emergence of new collective order to find the lower energy "true vacuum" (essentially same idea as in chaotic inflationary cosmology with gravity and dark energy/matter emergent). The self-consistent constraint is on the Fourier k-transform of the energy gap for the quasi-particle excitations of the superconducting ground state (e.g real lepto-quarks in the emergent gravity problem)
(Gap)k = Sum over k'Vkk'(Gap)k'/2Ek' (7)
with probability of pair creation
|vk|^2 = (1/2)[1 - ek/Ek)
ek is the normal metal quasi-particle excitation energy relative to the chemical potential
Ek is the superconducting metal quasi-particle excitation energy above the superconducting ground state whose "on-mass-shell" propagator pole constraint is
Ek^2 = ek^2 + (Gap)k^2
which looks a bit like we are getting special relativity out of Galilean relativity if (Gap)k is insensitive to k and if the initial normal metal elementary excitations was massless. What we have here is the first "Higgs mechanism" for the origin of inertia where the Gap is the rest mass. Note that the Haisch-Rueda-Puthoff approach to this same problem is ill-posed in my opinion and is another false lead. Nambu investigated this many years ago.
The bound state energy of a single pair obeys the nonanalytic nonperturbative relation
Gap ~ Bound state energy of pair ~ kTc ~ hbar(Debye lattice frequency)e^-1/(Density of single-electron states at Fermi surface of normal metal)(pair interaction energy)
Note that in the quantum gravity case
hbar(Debye frequency of spin network lattice) ~ 10^19 Gev perhaps, i.e. -> 10^115 ergs/cc Planck random zero point energy density when vacuum coherence = 0 and Gap energy ~ lepto-quark mass ~ 1 mev.
Baryon mass of 1Gev from confined zero point bag energy in sense of "QED Lite".
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